Hóa học 11 Bài 7. Nitơ (1)

Chapter Nitrogen family 1. Introduction2. Occurrence3. Chemical properties4. Compounds5. UsesTable of ContentsChapter 1. Nitrogen family. Introduction Placement in the periodic table12251 Sb147 N3115 P7533 As20983 BiArsenicNitrogenPhosphorusAntimonyBismuthPlacement in the periodic table, continuedChapter 1. Nitrogen family. Introduction Placement in the periodic table, continuedChapter 1. Nitrogen family. Introduction Common oxidation numbers are +1,+2,+4 and +5 .Metallic character increases from top to bottom.N and are nonmetals, As and Sb are metalloid, Bi is metal.All have allotropes, except and Bi.Phosphorus has white red and black allotropes.Nitrogen is very important for living organisms, exist in construction of proteins and nucleic acids.Chapter 1. Nitrogen. Introduction Isotopes: 147 and 157 NEarth`s crust abundance: 0.002 Electron configuration: 1s 2s 2p 3 Melting point: ­210.1 0C Boiling point: ­195.8 0C Density: 0.00125 g/l Common oxidation number: ­3,­2,­1,0,+1,+2,+3,+4,+5 Physical state: gasColour: colourlessDiscovery date: 1772 Discoverer: Daniel RutherfordDiscovery place: Scotland Placement in the periodic table, continuedChapter 1. Nitrogen Introduction Placement in the periodic table, continuedHas two names. One " azot ", meaning " dead " in Latin, was given by Lavoisier, other, " nitroge n", means " nitrate former ". Little soluble and lighter than air.Isotopes have 99.64% of 14N and 0.36% of 15N Forms diatomic structure (N2 and inactive elementChapter 2. Nitrogen Occurrence. Occurrence.Percentage of N2 gas in the atmosphere is 78% by volume and 75% by mass Found in compounds in the earth's crust at rate of only 0.002% by massMineral sources of nitrogen are Potassium nitrate Saltpeter KNO3 Sodium nitrate Chile saltpeter NaNO3 .Nitrogen is basic element in living organisms as well as it is used in the production of DNA and fertilizers. It is found in living organisms as building stone in nucleic acids, in proteins and vitamins by 15%. Chapter 2. Nitrogen Occurrence. Occurrence. 4E696C701. Heating the mixture of NaNO2 and saturated NH4 Cl gives pure N2 gas.NaNO2 (aq) NH4 Cl(aq) NaCl(aq) 2H→2 O(l) N2 (g)2. CO2 must be removed from the air sample by passing it through concentrated base solution. 2NaOH(aq) CO2 (g) Na2 CO3 (aq) H2 O(g) The air is then reacted with hot copper powder. Oxygen in air is filtered by forming copper (II) oxide. 2Cu(s) (3N2 O2 2CuO(s) 2N2 (g)Chapter 2. Nitrogen Occurrence. Preparation.Preparation in laboratory:3132 206134 437032 20674E32 2834 430132 4F2832 28673232 6D74683232 2801 20 4E32 4333 2832 4F286754613232 202B32 29 2020 01 2020 3232 283. Decomposition of sodium azide, NaN3 or barium azide, Ba(N3 )22NaN3 (s) 2Na(s) 3N→2 (g) This reaction is applied in the air­bag of automobiles.Chapter 2. Nitrogen Occurrence. Preparation.Preparation in laboratory:3333 206F426133 29323233 280132 28672054