REVISION OF 2ND MID-TERM TEST GRADE 12 (THÍ ĐIỂM).

REVISION OF MID-TERM TEST

READING

PASSAGE 1

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word for each of the blanks

THE TRADE IN RHINO HORN

Last year thieves broke into a Scottish castle and stole only one thing: a rhino horn, at 1.5 meters was the longest in the world. In China pharmaceutical (1)_____ have been building up collections of antiques made from rhino horn, for the sole (2)_____ of smashing them to powder to make the (3)_____ ingredient for many of their medicines. And in Africa poachers continue to die in the (4)_____ for black rhino.

Recently, conservationists met to plan a campaign to persuade countries where rhino horn is (5)_____ part of the traditional medicine to (6)_____ substitutes. The biggest threat to the survival of the rhinoceros is the (7)_____ of certain countries to enforce a ban on domestic trading in rhino horn.

The rhino horn is included in many (8)_____ for disorders ranging from fevers to nosebleeds. Horn, like fingernails, is made of keratin and has no proven medicinal (9)_____. Traditional substitutes, such as horn from buffalo or antelope, are regarded as second best.

The battle is thought to be winnable. But it may be harder than the battle against the trade in ivory, for there is a (10)_____ between the two commodities. Ivory is a luxury; rhino horn, people believe, could save the life of their child.

1: A. studios B. factories C. plants D. workshops

2: A. reason B. purpose C. intention D. need

3: A. real B. actual C. essential D. true

4: A. search B. chance C. race D. fight

5: A. nearly B. hardly C. even D. still

6: A. vary B. switch C. adjust D. modify

7: A. rejection B. refusal C. denial D. protest

8: A. recipes B. remedies C. doses D. aids

9: A. capacities B. powers C. control D. values

10: A. variation B. comparison C. gap D. difference

PASSAGE 2

Read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each space

Robot that provides remote-control relief from aches and pains

You live in Moscow and your mother calls from Paris. “My shoulder hurts,” she says. “Can you massage it?”

If you have (1) __________ $50,000 in a robot called “Tmsuk IV” this is no problem at all. You (2) __________ simulate the action using a set of controls and the data is (3) __________ down a phone line to the robot. Tmsuk IV simultaneously repeats the moves.

The user can see exactly what he is doing (4) __________ the robot’s face-mounted video camera and can hear through microphones in its ears. Giving a back rub to someone several hundred kilometers (5) __________ is just one of Tmsuk IV’s (6) __________. The robot can do anything from fetching a cup of tea to turning over pillows, (7) __________ from afar.

This kind of technology is already being (8) __________ in fields such as medicine, where doctors may one day be able to give treatment or (9) __________ emergency surgery at a distance.

New technology is making these remote systems so (10) __________ that the user can even feel pressure as he touches something, or feel (11) __________ as he uses a knife. But with Tmsuk IV, the basic technology is now commercially available for (12) __________ people – or at least for (13) __________ who can afford it. Thames, the Japanese company that makes Tmsuk IV hopes to sell 10 robots this year. There are other possible (14) __________ outside the purely domestic. Tmsuk IV could (15) __________ with unexploded bombs or nuclear radiation leaks.

1. A. spent B. financed C. paid D. invested

2. A. must B. only C. just D. basically

3. A. fed B. handed C. broadcast D. moved

4. A. by B. via C. through D. across

5. A. apart B. away C. far D. distant

6. A. talents B. jobs C. tasks D. tricks

7. A. partly B. all C. some D. both

8. A. tested B. tried C. created D. made

9. A. execute B. make C. perform D. handle

10. A. routine B. possible C. easy D. realistic

11. A. nervous B. resistance C. pain D. blood

12. A. daily B. common C. ordinary D. normal

13. A. ones B. those C. us D. these

14. A. jobs B. purposes C. actions D. applications

15. A. handle B. deal C. face D. apply

Simulate: mô phỏng

Simultaneously: cùng một lúc

Face-mounted (a): gắn trên mặt

A back rub: xoa bóp lưng

PASSAGE 3

Read of the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 1 to 8

The girls in this sixth grade class in East Palo Alto, California, all have the same access to computers as boys. But researchers say, by the time they get to high school, they are victims of what the researchers call a major new gender gap in technology.

Janice Weinman of the American Association of University Woman says, "Girls tend to be less comfortable than boys with the computer. They use it more for word processing rather than for problem solving, rather than to discover new ways in which to understand information."

After re-examining a thousand studies, the American Association of University women researchers found that girls make up only a small percentage of students in computer science classes. Girls consistently rate themselves significantly lower than boys in their ability and confidence in using computers. And they use computers less often than boys outside the classroom.

The instructor of this computer lab says he's already noticed some differences. Charles Cheadle of Cesar Chavez School says, "Boys are not so afraid they might do something that will harm the computer, whereas girls are afraid they might break it somehow."

Six years ago, the software company Purple Moon noticed that girls' computer usage was falling behind boys. Karen Gould says, "The number one reason girls told us they don't like computer games is not because they're too violent, or too competitive. Girls just said they're incredibly boring."

Purple Moon says it found what girls want, characters they can relate to and story lines relative to what's going on in their own lives. Karen Gould of Purple Moon Software says, "What we definitely found from girls is there is no intrinsic reason why they wouldn't want to play on a computer; it was just a content thing."

The sponsor of the study says it all boils down to this, the technology gender gap that separates the girls from the boys must be closed if women are to compete effectively with men in the 21st century.

1. In this sixth grade classroom, you would find _____________. A. only boys allowed to use the computers B. both boys and girls allowed to use the computers C. only girls allowed to use the computers D. no computers in the classroom 2. Girls usually rate themselves _____________. A. as being uncomfortable using computers B. as comfortable using computers C. as experts with computers D. as very good with using computers 3. Girls seem to find most of the software A. as too violent B. as too competitive C. boring D. exciting 4. By the time students are in high school, _____________. A. many girls have lost interest in computers B. many boys have lost interest in computers C. both boys and girls are very interested in computers D. computer science classes are filled with girls 5. The research on girls and computers _____________. A. is based on a few articles B. presented by one person C. has no facts to support it D. is based on thousands of studies 6. Computer software seems to be made to be A. more interesting to girls B. more interesting to boys C. equally interesting to girls and boys D. interesting only to adults 7. The software company seems to think _____________ . A. if girls had an equal chance at playing games, they would like computers. B. if the software was more violent, girls would like it better. C. if the characters were funny, girls would like them better. D. if the software content was changed, girls would be more interested in computers. 8. The gender gap needs to be closed because _____________. A. it isn't fair that boys use the computers all the time B. there isn't enough money for computers C. the ability to use the computer is important in today's world D. the pot is boiling

PASSAGE 4

Read of the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 1 to 4

A computer virus is an illegal and potentially damaging computer program designed to infect other software by attaching itself to any software it contacts. In many cases, virus programs are designed to damage computer systems maliciously by destroying or corrupting data. If the infected software is transferred to or accessed by another computer system, the virus spreads to the other system. Viruses have become a serious problem in recent years, and currently, thousands of known virus programs exist. Viruses can be categorized as boot sector viruses, file viruses, and Trojan horse viruses. A boot sector virus infects the boot program used to start the system. When the infected boot program executes, the virus is loaded into the computer's memory. Once a virus is in the memory, it can spread to any floppy disk inserted into the computer. The second type of virus, a file virus, inserts viral code into program /files. The virus then spreads to any program that accesses the infected file. A Trojan horse virus (named after a Greek myth) hides within or is designed to look like a legitimate program. Some viruses interrupt processing by freezing a computer system temporarily and then displaying sounds or messages. Other viruses contain time bombs or logic bombs. A time bomb is a program that performs an activity on a particular date. A logic bomb is a program that performs an activity when a certain action occurs, such as an employee being terminated. A worm, which is similar to a virus, copies itself repeatedly until no memory or disc space remains. To detect computer viruses, anti-virus programs have been developed. Besides detecting viruses, anti-virus programs also have utilities to remove or repair infected programs and /files. Some damaged /files cannot be repaired and must be replaced with uninfected backup /files. Computers can best be protected by installing a virus protection software. In order to be effective, it is imperative to develop a regular plan for copying and storing important data and program /files. Prior to running the virus protection software, floppy disks should be scanned using a virus scan. Since one of the most vulnerable points of entry for viruses is the internet, all programs and email messages downloaded from the Internet should be checked to make sure they are virus free.

1. The passage provides support for which of the following statements? A. computer owners who use virus protection applications properly will not suffer damages from computer viruses. B. computer owners who use virus protection applications properly are more likely to suffer damages from computer viruses. C. Computer owners who use virus protection applications are more likely not to suffer damages from computer viruses. D. some damaged /files can be repaired so must not be replaced with uninfected backup /files. 2. According to the passage, a worm is A. something similar to a virus that works by copying itself repeatedly until no memory or disc space remains B. a virus that copies itself repeatedly until no memory or disc space remains C. a virus that cannot be detected by an anti-virus program D. something similar to a virus that uses a logic bomb to performs an activity when a certain action occurs 3. According to the passage, computer viruses can spread by which of the following means? I. Through boot programs II. Through floppy disks III. Through programs downloaded from the Internet A. I only B. II only C. I and II only D. II and III only 4. According to the passage, a virus that inserts viral code into program /files is a ____________ A. Trojan horse virus B. file virus C. time bomb D. boot sector virus PASSAGE 5

Read of the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 1 to 10

Since the world became industrialized, the number of animal species that have either become extinct or have neared extinction has increased. Bengal tigers, for instance, which once roamed the jungles in vast numbers, now number only about 2,300. By the year 2025, it is estimated that they will become extinct. What is alarming about the case of the Bengal tiger is that this extinction will have been caused almost entirely by poachers who, according to some sources, are not always interested in material gain but in personal gratification. This is an example of the callousness that is contributing to the problem of extinction. Animals, such as Bengal tiger, as well as other endangered species, are valuable parts of the world’s ecosystem. International laws protecting these animals must be enacted to ensure their survival and the survival of our planet.

Countries around the world have begun to deal with the problem in various ways. Some countries, in an effort to circumvent the problem, have allocated large amounts of land to animal reserves. They then charge admission prices to help defray the costs of maintaining the parks, and they often must also depend on world organizations for support. This money enables them to invest in equipment and patrols to protect the animals. Another response to the increase in animal extinction is an international boycott of products made from endangered species. This has had some effect, but by itself it will not prevent animals from being hunted and killed.

Question 1. What is the main topic of the passage?

A. the Bengal tiger    B. international boycott   

C. endangered species   D. problems with industrialization

Question 2. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the world “alarming” in the first paragraph?

A. dangerous                B. serious                    C. gripping            D. distressing

Question 3. The word “callousness” in the first paragraph could best be replaced by which of the following?

A. indirectness             B. independence           C. incompetence         D. insensitivity

Question 4. Which of the following could be best replace the word “case”?

1. act B. trade C. contrast D. situation

Question 5. The word “poachers” in bold could be best replaced by which of the following?

1. Enterprising researchers B. illegal hunters

C. concerned scientists D. trained hunters

Question 6. The above passage is divided into two paragraphs in order to contrast_______.

A. a problem and a solution                            B. a statement and an illustration

C. a comparison and contrast                        D. specific and general information

Question 7. What does the word “This” in the first paragraph refers to in the passage?

A. Bengal tigers               B. Interest in material gain

C. Killing animals for personal satisfaction    D. The decrease in the Bengal tiger population

Question 8. Which of the following could best replace the word “allocated” in the second paragraph?

A. set aside                   B. combined                C. organized             D. taken off

Question 9. What does the term “international boycott” refers to?

1. Buying and selling of animal products overseas

2. A global increase in animal survival

3. A refusal to buy animal products worldwide

4. Defraying the cost of maintaining national parks

Question 10. Which of the following best describes the author’s attitude?

A. forgiving                  B. concerned               C. vindictive      D. surprised    

PASSAGE 6

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions

MOBILE PHONES: Are they about to transform our lives?

We love them so much that some of us sleep with them under the pillow, yet we are increasingly concerned that we cannot escape their electronic reach. We use them to convey our most intimate secrets, yet we worry that they are a threat to our privacy. We rely on them more than the Internet to cope with modern life, yet many of us don't believe advertisements saying we need more advanced services.

Sweeping aside the doubts that many people feel about the benefits of new third generations phones and fears over the health effects of phone masts, a recent report claims that the long-term effects of new mobile technologies will be entirely positive so long as the public can be convinced to make use of them. Research about users of mobile phones reveals that the mobile has already moved beyond being a mere practical communications tool to become the backbone of modern social life, from love affairs to friendship to work.

The close relationship between user and phone is most pronounced among teenagers, the report says, who regard their mobiles as an expression of their identity. This is partly because mobiles are seen as being beyond the control of parents. But the researchers suggest that another reason may be that mobiles, especially text messaging was seen as a way of overcoming shyness. The impact of phones, however, has been local rather than global, supporting existing friendship and networks, rather than opening users to a new broader community. Even the language of texting in one area can be incomprehensible to anydiv from another area.

Among the most important benefits of using mobiles phones, the report claims, will be a vastly improved mobile infrastructure, providing gains throughout the economy, and the provision of a more sophisticated location-based services for users. The report calls on government to put more effort into the delivery of services by mobile phone, with suggestion including public transport and traffic information and doctors' text messages to remind patients of appointments. There are many possibilities. At a recent trade fair in Sweden, a mobile navigation product was launched. When the user enters a destination, a route is automatically downloaded to their mobile and presented by voiced, pictures and maps as they drive. In future, these devices will also be able to plan around congestion and road works in real time. Third generation phones will also allow for remote monitoring of patients by doctors. In Britain scientists are developing an asthma management solution using mobiles to detect early signs of an attack.

Mobile phones can be used in education. A group of teachers in Britain use third generation phones to provide fast internet service to children who live beyond the reach of terrestrial broadband services and can have no access to online information. 'As the new generation of mobile technologies takes off, the social potential of the vastly increase,' the report argues.

Question 1. What does the writer suggest in the first paragraph about our attitudes to mobile phones?

A. We can't live without them.

B. We are worried about using them so much.

C. We have contradictory feelings about them.

D. We need them more than anything else to deal with modern life.

Question 2. What does "them" in paragraph 2 refer to?

A. long-term effects B. new mobile technologies C. doubts D. benefits

Question 3. What is the connection between social life and mobile phones?

A. Modern social life relies significantly on the use of mobile phones

B. Mobile phones makes romantic communication easier

C. Mobile phones encourage people to make friends.

D. Mobile phones enable people to communicate while moving around

Question 4. Why do teenagers have such a close relationship with their mobile phones?

A. They use text messages more than any other group

B. They are more inclined to be late than older people

C. They feel independent when they use them

D. They tend to feel uncomfortable in many situations

Question 5. Which of the following is NOT true?

A. Mobile phone is considered as a means for the youth to show their characters.

B. Mobile phones are playing a wide range of roles in people's life.

C. People can overcome shyness by using texting to communicating things that make them uncomfortable.

D. There is no need to suspect the harmfulness of mobile phones.

Question 6. In what sense has the impact of phones been "local" in paragraph 3?

A. People tend to communicate with people they already know.

B. Users generally phone people who live in the same neighborhood.

C. It depends on local dialects.

D. The phone networks use different systems.

Question 7. How might mobile phones be used in the future?

A. To give the address of the nearest doctor's surgery

B. To show bus and train timetables

C. To arrange deliveries

D. To cure diseases

Question 8. The navigation product launched in Sweden is helpful for drivers because ________.

A. it can suggest the best way to get to a place

B. it provides directions orally

C. it tells them which roads are congested

D. it shows them how to avoid road works

Question 9. What is the general attitude of the report described here?

A. Manufacturers need to produce better equipment.

B. The government should take over the mobile phone networks.

C. There are problems with mobile phones that cannot be overcome.

D. Mobile phones can have a variety of very useful applications.

Question 10. The word "pronounced" in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ______.

A. obvious B. serious C. voiced D. overwhelmed

PASSAGE 7

Read the passage and the questions or unfinished sentences. Then choose the answer A, B, C, or D that you think fits best.

A MAN'S WORLD?

Serving the community

When firefighters turn up to put out a fire, traditionally people expect them to be men. However, underneath the protective clothing, helmet and visor, there are more and more women. One such woman is Kath Webb, who joined the fire service in 2008 and is now in charge of a team of firefighters at her local station. When she became Crew Manager following a promotion, she was the first female to do so in the whole of her region.

One reason for the increase in female firefighters is a change in the job requirements. There is more emphasis on communication skills nowadays, fire officers spending a large part of their day educating the community fire prevention. "We visit residents and explain how to prevent fires in the first place," says Kath, "and this is something women excel at."

Nevertheless, many women are being put off the profession by the 24-hour-aday commitment expected of firefighters. "Everyone needs flexible working arrangements within their job," explains Women's Liaison Officer, Ruth Ward. “Family-friendly working hours would attract more women to the profession because they could have their career as well as a family life. What more could anyone want?” A tough job

Base 34 is a new garage in Montpellier, in the south of France. Customers who take their cars there for repairs may be surprised to find that all the employees are women. When Herve Malige advertised for women who wanted to become mechanics, he received 120 applications. After tests and interviews, he chose fifteen. They included a nurse, a secretary, a beauty therapist and two flight attendants. They all wanted a chance to work in this traditionally male environment.

“I think a lot of people instinctively trust women more," he says. "And female Customers might feel more comfortable with somediv who doesn’t treat them as if they don't understand anything!”

Although most car mechanics are still men,' the situation is gradually changing. Men are starting to leave the profession, and women are joining it. Why? In a word, technology. In the past, being a mechanic was a physically tough and dirty job. Now, cars are much more complicated than they used to be. You need patience and intelligence to work out what the problem is, not strength. Many people believe that this makes the job more suitable for women than for men.

1. Before Kath became the manager of her fire station __________

A. all the crew managers had been male.

B. she had worked in the fire service for over ten years.

C. there had only been one female firefighter in her region.

D. she was chosen as the best firefighter in the country.

2. The main objective of the fire service today is __________

A. to encourage people to join the profession. B. to show citizens how to communicate better.

C. to stop fires from happening. D. to deal more effectively with fires.

3. Ruth Ward thinks __________

A. there are too many female firefighters.

B. working arrangements for firefighters need to change.

C. women shouldn’t become firefighters because the hours are too long.

D. the family is more important than getting a job.

4. The women who work at Base 34 applied for the job because __________

A. they were unemployed.

B. they had just left university.

C. they were tired of working at the airport.

D. they wanted to work as mechanics.

5. For Herve Malige, the advantage of female mechanics is that __________

A. they charge less. B. they don't understand anything about cars.

C. they attract female customers. D. they enjoy a challenge.

6. New cars requires mechanics to spend more time __________

A. getting dirty. B. using their muscles. C. waiting for work. D. finding solutions.

PASSAGE 8

Read the passage and the questions or unfinished sentences. Then choose the answer A, B, C, or D that you think fits best.

WOMAN’S WORK

During a recent game between two of Brazil’s biggest football teams, the country’s top striker head-butted an opponent and was sent off. “Idiot”, he shouted at the referee. “Just what you would expect from a woman.” It was this comment rather than his aggression to his opponent that really landed him in trouble. He was punished for this by being banned from the next four matches. The target of his venom, Gisele Fabio, has become the most high-profile woman in Brazilian football.

Times are changing in British football, too. Not long ago the manager of a Scottish team was forced to resign after criticizing the country's first woman referee by saying: “I knew it wasn’t going to be our day when I found out we had a woman running the line. She should be at home making the tea or the dinner for her man after he has been to the football. This is a professional man's game.” An attitude like this may have been relatively common a few generations ago, but over the last decade or two the vast majority of men have changed their view of the place a woman should have in society.

Annie Macintosh has been a referee for six years and is currently the highest level female official in Britain. During her rise to this position, she has learnt to be tolerant of criticism, and not to become excited or get offended by hurtful verbal attacks. She takes the comments with a pinch of salt. "He is entitled to say what he likes. There is no point getting yourself all upset. From the experiences that I have had he is in the minority.”

You have to develop a thick skin as a female referee in the men's game. In spite of all this, Macintosh says that being a woman on the field can have its advantages too. Many men consider it wrong to use bad language in front of women. Sometimes you get the odd idiot who shouts something, but usually they use less colourful language. They behave better. One team coach told me he wanted me to referee another game at that club to improve the players' behaviour."

The confusion, she adds, also has its comic moments. Fans have not updated their vocabulary to take account of female officials. Macintosh says she finds it funniest when spectators suddenly become aware that she is a woman and become tongue-tied. “A voice in the crowd will shout, “Oi, linesman! I mean lineswoman! Erm, I mean assistant referee!”

While it is unlikely that a woman footballer will have the physical strength to compete at the top level in a men's team, there is no similar obstacle to women refereeing men's football. In fact, the authorities running European football are actively encouraging women referees, believing it helps increase women's interest in football generally.

In Brazil, Gisele Fabio says the path to becoming a referee has been about breaking down cultural rather than legal barriers. “For as long as I’m aware there have been no rules against women refereeing the men’s game. It was just that none did. Fabio agrees that footballers treat female referees differently. “In principle they treat you with more respect. They are scared that you will give them a card more readily. This is an advantage for us." Most impressively, Fabio has been top of the referee rankings published by daily sports papers. “I think I was first because I am a novelty. But I don’t think I am better than the others. My refereeing is the same.”

1. The football player was punished because ___________

A. he hit an opponent. B. he was aggressive during the game.

C. he insulted the female referee. D. he shouted loudly.

2. What point is made to show that times are changing in British football?

A. Managers who don't like women referees can lose their jobs.

B. Women are no longer expected to stay at home.

C. Scotland now has a woman referee.

D. A man cannot criticize a woman referee today.

3. Which phrase best describes Macintosh's reaction to the manager's words?

A. angry and hurt B. sad and depressed C. calm and confident D. bitter and resentful

4. What does “In spite of all this,” (4th paragraph) suggest?

A. although women referees are often criticized

B. in spite of the fact that there are so few women referees

C. even though men tend to behave better with a woman referee

D. despite the difficulty of getting work as a woman referee

5. The comic aspect mentioned is based on ___________

A. the idea that fans are nervous of women referees.

B. the confusion fans feel when they don't know what to call a female official.

C. the embarrassment people experience when they see the official is a woman.

D. the fact that fans don't have a big vocabulary.

6. Why are women referees being encouraged?

A. They have to face a lot of obstacles.

B. There is a shortage of men referees.

C. They don't have to be as physically strong as men.

D. They will attract more women spectators.

7. What does Gisele Fabio say about the barriers to women becoming referees?

A. They may be connected with social attitudes, not laws.

B. They do not exist in developed countries.

C. The legal barriers are being removed.

D . The women themselves have removed these barriers.

8. According to Gisele Fabio, ___________

A. men referees do not deserve as much respect as women referees.

B. footballers think that women referees are stricter than men referees.

C. women usually make better referees than men.

D. she is at the top of the ratings because women referees are unusual.

PASSAGE 9

Read the passage and the questions or unfinished sentences. Then choose the answer A, B, C, or D that you think fits best.

Coincident with concerns about the accelerating loss of species and habitats has been a growing appreciation of the importance of biological diversity, the number of species in a particular ecosystem, to the health of the Earth and human well-being. Much has been written about the diversity of terrestrial organisms, particularly the exceptionally rich life associated with tropical rain-forest habitats. Relatively little has been said, however, about diversity of life in the sea even though coral reef systems are comparable to rain forests in terms of richness of life.

An alien exploring Earth would probably give priority to the planet's dominant, most-distinctive feature ― the ocean. Humans have a bias toward land that sometimes gets in the way of truly examining global issues. Seen from far away, it is easy to realize that landmasses occupy only one-third of the Earth's surface. Given that two-thirds of the Earth's surface is water and that marine life lives at all levels of the ocean, the total three-dimensional living space of the ocean is perhaps 100 times greater than that of land and contains more than 90 percent of all life on Earth even though the ocean has fewer distinct species.

The fact that half of the known species are thought to inhabit the world's rain forests does not seem surprising, considering the huge numbers of insects that comprise the bulk of the species. One scientist found many different species of ants in just one tree from a rain forest. While every species is different from every other species, their genetic makeup constrains them to be insects and to share similar characteristics with 750,000 species of insects. If basic, broad categories such as phyla and classes are given more emphasis than differentiating between species, then the greatest diversity of life is unquestionably the sea. Nearly every major type of plant and animal has some representation there.

To appreciate fully the diversity and abundance of life in the sea, it helps to think small. Every spoonful of ocean water contains life, on the order of 100 to 100,000 bacterial cells plus assorted microscopic plants and animals, including larvae of organisms ranging from sponges and corals to starfish and clams and much more.

1. What is the main point of the passage?

A. Humans are destroying thousands of species.

B. There are thousands of insect species.

C. The sea is even richer in life than the rain forests.

D. Coral reefs are similar to rain forests.

2. The word "appreciation" in line 2 is closest in meaning to

A. ignorance B. recognition C. tolerance D. forgiveness

3. Why does the author compare rain forests and coral reefs(lines 4-7) ?

A. They are approximately the same size. B. They share many similar species.

C. Most of their inhabitants require water. D. Both have many different forms of life.

4. The word "bias" in line 9 is closest in meaning to

A. concern B. disadvantage C. attitude D. prejudice

5. The passage suggests that most rain forest species are

A. insects B. bacteria C. mammals D. birds

6. The word "there" in line 24 refers to

A. the sea B. the rain forests C. a tree D. the Earth's surface

7. The author argues that there is more diversity of life in the sea than in the rain forests because

A. more phyla and classes of life are represented in the sea

B. there are too many insects to make meaningful distinctions

C. many insect species are too small to divide into categories

D. marine life-forms reproduce at a faster rate

8. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an example of microscopic sea life?

A. Sponges B. Coral C. Starfish D. Shrimp

9. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the passage?

A. Ocean life is highly adaptive.

B. More attention needs to be paid to preserving ocean species and habitats.

C. Ocean life is primarily composed of plants.

D. The sea is highly resistant to the damage done by pollutants.

PASSAGE 10

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 1 to 10.

ENVIRONMENTAL ACTIVISTS

Paul Watson is an environmental activist. He is a man who believes that he must do something, not just talk about doing something. Paul believes in protecting endangered animals, and he protects them in controversial ways. Some people think that Watson is a hero and admire him very much. Other people think that he is a criminal.

On July 16th, 1979, Paul Watson and his crew were on his ship, which is called the Sea Shepherd. Watson and the people who work on the Sea Shepherd were hunting on the Atlantic Ocean near Portugal. However, they had a strange prey; instead of hunting for animals, their prey was a ship, the Sierra. The Sea Shepherd found the Sierra, ran into it and sank it. As a result, the Sierra never returned to the sea. The Sea Shepherd, on the other hand, returned to its home in Canada. Paul Watson and his workers thought that they had been successful.

The Sierra had been a whaling ship, which had operated illegally. The captain and the crew of the Sierra did not obey any of the international laws that restrict whaling. Instead, they killed as many whales as they could, quickly cut off the meat, and froze it. Later, they sold the whale meat in countries where it is eaten.

Paul Watson tried to persuade the international whaling commission to stop the Sierra. However, the commission did very little, and Paul became impatient. He decided to stop the Sierra and other whaling ships in any way that he could. He offered to pay $25,000 to anyone who sank any illegal whaling ship, and he sank the Sierra. He acted because he believes that the whales must be protected. Still, he acted without the approval of the government; therefore, his actions were controversial.

Paul Watson is not the only environmental activist. Other men and women are also fighting to protect the Earth. Like Watson, they do not always have the approval of their governments, and like Watson, they have become impatient. Yet, because of their concern for the environment, they will act to protect it.

Question 1: According to the reading, an environmental activist is someone who ____

A. runs into whaling ship  B. does something to protect the Earth C. talks about protecting endangered species  D. is a hero, like Paul Watson

Question 2: When something is controversial, ____

A. everyone agrees with it  B. everyone disagrees with it C. people have different ideas about it  D. people protect it

Question 3: The members of a ship's crew are ____.

A. the men and women who work on the ship B. the people who work on the airplanes C. all of the people on a ship, including the passengers D. the people who own the ship

Question 4: The main idea of paragraph one is that ____.

A. Paul Watson is a hero to some people

B. activists are people who do something C. Paul Watson is a controversial environmental activist D. Paul Watson does not believe in talking

Question 5: The Sea Shepherd was hunting ____

A. the Atlantic Ocean B. whales C. the Sierra D. Portugal

Question 6: The author implies that Paul Watson lives in ____

A. Portugal B. a ship on the Atlantic  C. the Sierra D. Canada

Question 7: The captain and the crew of the Sierra were acting illegally because ____.

A. they were not obeying international laws B. they were whaling C. they were killing and selling whales D. All of the above are correct

Question 8: In paragraph 3 the phrase "and froze it" refers to ____.

A. whale meat B. the Sierra C. whales D. the Sierra crew

Question 9: The main idea of paragraph 3 is that ____ .

A. the Sierra sold whale meat in some countries

B. the people on the Sierra didn't obey international laws. C. the people on the Sierra killed as many whales as they could. D. whaling is illegal according to international law.

Question 10: Watson ran into the Sierra because ____ .

A. he wanted to stop the ship's crew from whaling B. he was impatient with the government's actions C. he wanted to protect the whales from the whalers D. All of the above are correct

PASSAGE 11

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 1 to 8.

Every summer, when the results of university entrance exam come out, many newspaper stories are published about students who are top-scorers across the country. Most portray students as hard-working, studious, smart and, generally, from low-income families. They are often considered heroes or heroines by their families, communes, villages and communities. And they symbolise the efforts made to lift them, and their relatives, out of poverty. The students are often too poor to attend any extra-classes, which make their achievements more illustrious and more newsworthy. While everyone should applaud the students for their admirable efforts, putting too much emphasis on success generates some difficult questions.

If other students look up to them as models, of course it's great. However, in a way, it contributes to society's attitude that getting into university is the only way to succeed. For those who fail, their lives are over. It should be noted that about 1.3 million high school students take part in the annual university entrance exams and only about 300,000 of them pass. What's about the hundreds of thousands who fail? Should we demand more stories about those who fail the exam but succeed in life or about those who quit university education at some level and do something else unconventional?

"I personally think that it's not about you scoring top in an entrance exam or get even into Harvard. It's about what you do for the rest of your life," said Tran Nguyen Le Van, 29. He is the founder of a website, vexere.com, that passengers can use to book bus tickets online and receive tickets via SMS. His business also arranges online tickets via mobile phones and email. Van dropped out of his MBA at the Thunderbird School of Global Management in Arizona in the United States. His story has caught the attention of many newspapers and he believes more coverage should be given to the youngsters who can be role-models in the start-up community. Getting into university, even with honours, is just the beginning. "We applaud them and their efforts and obviously that can give them motivation to do better in life. However, success requires more than just scores," Van said. Van once told a newspaper that his inspiration also came from among the world's most famous drop-outs, such as Mark Zuckerberg of Facebook or Bill Gates who also dropped out of Harvard University.

Alarming statistics about unemployment continues to plague us. As many as 162,000people with some kind of degree cannot find work, according to Labour Ministry's statistics this month. An emphasis on getting into university does not inspire students who want to try alternative options. At the same time, the Ministry of Education and Training is still pondering on how to reform our exam system, which emphasises theories, but offers little to develop critical thinking or practice. Vu Thi Phuong Anh, former head of the Centre for Education Testing and Quality Assessment at Vietnam National University in Ho Chi Minh City said the media should also monitor student successes after graduation. She agreed there were many success stories about young people, but added that it was imbalanced if students taking unconventional paths were not also encouraged.

Vietnam is, more than ever, in desperate need of those who think outside the box. Time for us to recognise talent, no matter where it comes from or how.

(Source: http://vietnamnews.vn)

Question 1: Which of the following best describes the main idea of this passage?

A. Many students consider universities as their only way after school.

B. A good model of being successful in the real life out of school.

C. Not many students are successful after graduating from universities.

D. University is not the only way to success.

Question 2: What is NOT stated in the passage about the top-scorers in the entrance exam?

A. The majority of them are poor but intelligent and eager to learn.

B. They are hoped to find the way to better their families' lives.

C. Their success is more glorious because they attend more classes than others.

D. The students are admired for the great efforts.

Question 3: The word "unconventional" in paragraph 2 could best be replaced by __________.

A. common       B. unusual        C. well-known   D. infamous

Question 4: The author described Tran Nguyen Le Van in the third passage as__________.

A. a good example to achieve success although he didn't finish his education.

B. a businessman who gains money by selling mobile phones online.

C. a founder whose website was inspired from social networks like Facebook.

D. a top-scorer who books online tickets and confirms through messages.

Question 5: The word "them" in paragraph 3 refers to__________.

A. honours       B. role-models  C. the youngsters       D. newspapers

Question 6: The word "plague" in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to__________.

A. conflict      B. afflict           C. remind         D. bother

Question 7: According to the fourth paragraph, what is TRUE about the modern exam system?

A. It puts too much pressure on students who must get a place in a university.

B. Students are not encouraged to do something different.

C. The government is trying to change the theories of exam.

D. Many stories about successful students cannot inspire those who attend universities.

Question 8: What can be inferred from the passage?

A. It's high time for the young to change their ways of thinking about success.

B. High scores are the first step to attain achievements in the future.

C. Failing the entrance exam will not determine that these students are doing unconventional things.

D. The most concerned thing for each student is unemployment.

PASSAGE 12

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 1 to 5.

Employers are more and more interested in taking on students during their holiday periods. Students can do easier tasks and free up time for their permanent employees to concentrate on the more demanding ones. Although there is little financial reward for students, it is a great chance to explore their interests and add to their CVs. However, few students know what jobs may be available.

Colleges sometimes advertise summer jobs on their notice boards and in newspapers, and there are also well-known international organizations which can help. Students can also search the web, find an interesting company and email the manager to ask what temporary jobs exist. This may sound time-consuming, but students then get to work in the company of their choice, so it is what I recommend.

As a science student, two years ago I spent ten weeks in a laboratory in California, helping a group of researchers with their work. To begin with, the job seemed uninteresting because my responsibilities were not clear, but when I started working on a range of projects, such as writing research papers and creating web pages, my attitude changed.

I was paid enough to cover all my daily needs, so I had no financial worries. One of my jobs was to prepare educational material for schools. This was an entirely new challenge which I enjoyed so much that I decided to train as a teacher rather than a researcher when I got back. My only regret was that I’d been too busy to learn more about the USA, but then a good summer job seldom leaves you much free time and you should be prepared for that.

1: What is the writer’s main purpose in writing the text?

A. to describe the best summer jobs for students

B. to encourage students to look for summer jobs

C. to offer students interesting summer jobs

D. to warn students about low-paid summer jobs

2: The writer says the best way to find a good summer job is ________

A. to ask their own colleges for help B. to contact possible employers directly

C. to join an organized student program D. to read the job advertisements in the press

3: The writer found the California job disappointing at first because _______

A. he did not like research work B. he had to work on too many projects

C. he was not sure what he had to do D. he lacked good computer skills

4: In what way did the California job benefit the writer?

A. It gave him contacts he could use later B. It taught him what life was like in the USA

C. It made him change his career plans D. It allowed him to save some money

5: Which of these could be the writer speaking?

A. Employers are unwilling to offer summer jobs to students

B. Students should be better paid for doing summer jobs.

C. Students are often unaware of summer job opportunities

D. A summer job is a good way of getting to see the world

PASSAGE 13

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 1 to 5.

THE ROBOT SHOP

Like most ideas that seem absolutely revolutionary, the concept behind the robot shop is actually very simple. In fact, it has already been around for many years in the form of vending machines, selling bars of chocolate or drinks. This idea has been further developed to create the first robot shop, which may eventually change the future of shopping.

The prototype robot shop in a suburb of London looks like a giant vending machine. (1)_______ The display on the right is refrigerated and holds items such as milk, yoghurt and cheese, while the display on the left has an impressive selection of biscuits, coffee cakes and crisps. It does not have the variety of conventional shops, but it can cope with a late night request for bread or painkillers.

(2)_______ You key in the code numbers of the goods you want, which are displayed just underneath each item in the window, and a huge robot arm reaches out and picks up each item, bringing it over to the console inside the shop.

An electronic display shows you the total you have to pay. (3)_______ Unlike supermarkets, in robot shops you can only collect the goods after you’ve paid. When the robot arm finds the things you want, it drops them into a hatch and you reach inside to take them out. If this happened before you paid, you could easily walk off with the goods without having paid for them.

The system couldn’t yet be described as entirely efficient. There’s a lot of improvement. The robot arm represents one of the biggest problems. (4) _______The arm has to be very accurate in order to pick up the item it has reached for, carry it to the hatch and safely drop it into it.

The difficulty of judging customer attitudes is another reason why the robot shop has to be tested. Customers are still cautious about doing most of their shopping in a robot shop, but this is only to be expected; every new invention has been regarded with some suspicion at first. (5)_______

The manufacturers of robot shops suggest that the small shopkeeper in inner–city areas represents their biggest potential client. (6)_______ People in the area value the convenience of being able to pop out virtually all hours of the day and night for some item they have forgotten or suddenly feel like buying. Small shopkeepers are likely to invest in robot shop equipment, rather than employ part-time staff to work twenty-four hours a day.

The question is whether customers will prefer the impersonal service of a robot shop to the conventional type of shopping where there’s human contact. (7)_______ Machines do not take lunch breaks, they hardly ever make mistakes and they are never rude to customers. Isn’t this the sort of efficiency people want from a shop these days?

1. A central console between the windows is where you actually do your shopping.

2. The first thing you notice are the two large display windows which are absolutely packed with goods.

3. Older customers in particular may find the experience cold and impersonal, but a younger generation may respond more positively.

4. The real question is whether, over the three–month testing period, enough people will overcome their doubts and start shopping here in significant numbers.

5. For security reasons, you have to do this before the robot arm starts gathering your goods.

6. Many shops like these only survive because they stay open late, or even round the clock in some cases.

7. Experience with similar mechanized service equipment, such as cash dispensers, suggest that there are considerable advantages for both customers and hop owners.

8. The challenge is to create a piece of machinery which will be dedicate enough to pick up eggs but at the same time strong enough to pick up bottles of mineral water and baked beans cans.

Read the text and questions below. For each question, mark the correct letter A, B, C or D.

At 32, I have just finished my first year at university. As well as attending lectures regularly, I have had to learn to read books quickly and write long essays.

I decided to go to university after fourteen years away from the classroom. As a secretary, although I was earning a reasonable amount of money, I was bored doing something where I hardly had to think. I became more and more depressed by the idea that I was stuck in the job. I was jealous of the students at the local university, who looked happy, carefree and full of hope, and part of something that I wanted to explore further.

However, now that I've actually become a student I find it hard to mix with younger colleagues. They are always mistaking me for a lecturer and asking me questions I can't answer. I also feel separated from the lecturers because, although we are the same age, I know so much less than them. But I am glad of this opportunity to study because I know you need a qualification to get a rewarding job, which is really important to me. Unlike most eighteen-year-olds, I much prefer a weekend with my books to one out partying. Then there are the normal student benefits of long holidays and theatre and cinema discounts. I often have doubts about what I'll do after university, but I hope that continuing my education at this late date has been a wise choice.

1. What is the writer trying to do in the text?

A. help lecturers understand older students B. explain her reasons for returning to study

C. suggest some good methods for studying D. complain about the attitude of young students

2. What can a reader find out about the writer from this text?

A. when she left school B. how long her university course is

C. where she will work in future D. what subject she is studying

3. How did the writer feel about her job as a secretary?

A. Her salary wasn't good enough. B. It gave her the opportunity to study.

C. It didn't make use of her brain. D. Her colleagues made her depressed.

4. In her spare time, the writer likes to

A. go out to parties. B. earn some money. C. travel a lot. D. do extra study.

5. Which of these sentences describes the writer?

A. She realises the value of a university degree. B. She gets on well with the other students.

C. She is confident about the future. D. She finds university life easier than she expected.

LISTENING

TASK 1

You will hear a man called Patrick Simons talking on the radio about his career as a chef. Listen and choose the correct answers.

1. Patrick accepted his first job as a chef because

A. his mother wanted him to do it.

B. it would help him in his studies.

C. he had to earn some money.

2. What did Patrick dislike about his job at the hotel?

A. The menu seldom changed.

B. The manager was unfriendly.

C. The working hours were long.

3. What does Patrick say about his Italian restaurant job?

A. Other Italian restaurants copied his recipes.

B. He managed to reduce costs for the owner.

C. The restaurant’s owner created some menus.

4. Patrick thinks that his best recipes are for

A. chicken. B. vegetables. C. bread.

5. According to Patrick, what are chefs often unable to do?

A. listen to others B. create original dishes C. use the latest technology

6. What does Patrick advise students to do?

A. to look for a part-time job

B. to concentrate only on their studies

C. to talk to experienced chefs

TASK 2

You will hear a conversation between a girl, Nora, and a boy, Sam, about working in an office. Decide is each sentence is correct or incorrect.

1. _____ Nora is doubtful about whether to apply for an office job.

2. _____ Sam found his experience of working in an office useful.

3. _____ Sam dislikes the idea of spending many hours working with a computer.

4. _____ Sam believes that Nora’s knowledge of German is better than his.

5. _____ Nora and Sam agree about the importance of finding a well-paid job.

6. _____ Nora accepts Sam’s offer to help search the Internet for jobs.

TASK 3

You will hear part of a conversation between a journalist and the director of a new community college. For questions 1-10, listen carefully and complete the sentences. Write your answers in the space provided. You will hear the recording TWICE.

WOODLEY COMMUNITY COLLEGE

1. Summer school classes start on ____________.

2. People expressed interest in the college after it was advertised ____________.

3. The ____________ will declare the college open.

4. At the opening ceremony, Harry Watson, the famous ____________ will make a speech.

5. Local ____________ will be teaching courses at the college.

6. The emphasis will be on ____________ subjects.

7. The college will be ____________ about accepting students.

8. Students may not have the ____________ required by traditional colleges.

9. It is hoped that an ____________ office in the city centre will generate interest in the college.

10. You can refer to the college ____________ if you would like more information.

TASK 4

You will hear part of a radio programme about three types of computer software. For questions 1-10, complete the sentences.

SOFTWARE TYPE A

This programme is called (1)__________________

It is aimed at users aged (2)__________________ plus.

The system requirements are (3)__________________.

One major disadvantage is __________________ of operation.

SOFTWARE TPYE B

This programme is called (4)__________________

It allows small companies to (5)__________________ income and expenditure.

Users can obtain Tax Office (6)__________________ regularly.

SOFTWARE TYPE C

This programme is called (7) __________________

The car needs a satellite (8)__________________system for the programme to operate.

You can get the latest information every (9)__________________.

TASK 5

You will hear a conversation between a girl called Julia and her father, about choosing a course at university. Decide if each sentence is correct or incorrect. If it is correct, write A for YES. If it is incorrect, write B for NO.

1. _________ Julia wants to choose a course as soon as possible.

2. _________ Julia’s father thinks that studying business may be boring.

3. _________ Julia’s father believes Julia’s friend is making the wrong choice.

4. _________ Julia’s father thinks she might find studying business too difficult.

5. _________ Julia is confident about her maths.

6. _________ Julia is keen to consider her father’s suggestion.

TASK 6

You will hear two friends, a boy, Rolf, and a girl, Maria, talking about the jobs they would like to do in the future. Decide if each sentence is correct or incorrect. Decide if each sentence is correct or incorrect. If it is correct, write A for YES. If it is incorrect, write B for NO.

1. _________ Maria would like to travel a lot as part of her job.

2. _________ Maria is confident she will be able to work for an airline.

3. _________ Rolf intends to do a job connected with his degree.

4. _________ Maria and Rolf agree it is important to have a good salary.

5. _________ Maria hopes to work for several different employers.

6. _________ Rolf’s ambition is to manage his own company one day.

WRITING

Faster and faster (C) Vicky works very hard at her studies, but she's worried that she's making no progress. Complete her sentences.

• This subject gets harder and harder (hard) all the time.

• I'm just getting more and more confused (confused).

1. It's becoming ……………………………………………… (difficult) for me to keep up.

2. The textbook just gets……………………………………………….. (complicated).

3. I spend (more) time on my work.

4. My list of things to do gets …………………. (long).

5. My problems are just getting …………………………………. . (bad).

4 The faster, the better (D)

Complete each sentence using the information in brackets.

• (The rent is high.) The bigger a flat is, the higher the rent is.

• (You learn quickly.) The younger you are, the more quickly you learn.

1. (The roads are quiet.) The earlier you leave, ..

2. (The choice is wide.) The bigger a supermarket is,…………………

3. (I get confused.) The more I try to work this out, …

4. (You can speak fluently.) The more you practise, ………..

5. (The beaches get crowded.) The better the weather is,………………

Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first. Use the word in brackets.

► This train is more convenient than all the others, (most) This train is the most convenient.

1 The living-room isn't as big as the kitchen, (bigger)

 The kitchen ………………………………………….

2 I'm not as fit as you. (am)

 You're ………………………………………….

3 The table and the desk are the same size, (big)

 The table …………………………………………. the desk.

4 Prices just get higher all the time, (and)

 Prices ………………………………………….

5 The dress is cheaper than the skirt, (expensive)

 The skirt …………………………………………. the dress.

6. This crossword is the easiest, (difficult)

7.  This crossword ……………………………

8. Their excitement was increasing all the time, (excited)

9.  They were getting ………………………………………….

8 I've never read a more romantic story, (most)

 It's the …………………………………………. read.

REPORTED SPEECH

Put the following sentences into directed speech, using tell / order / urge / ask / beg / invite / advise / warn / remind + O + to Verb or ask + (O) + for, or, in some cases, ask + infinitive, say (that) + S + be/ should + Verb, suggest + gerund / that + S + should

1. “Don’t put sticky things in your pockets,” said his mother.

2. “Please, please don’t do anything dangerous,” said his wife.

3. “Go on – apply for the job,” said my friend. “It would just suit you.”

4. “I should say nothing about it if I were you,” said my brother.

5. “Would you please wait in the lounge till your flight number is called?” she said.

6. “Don’t lend Harry any money,” I said to Ann. “He never pays his debts.”

7. “Could you please ring back in half an hour?” said the secretary.

8. “Would you mind moving your case?” said the other passenger. “It’s blocking the door.”

9. “Remember to book a table,” said Ann.

10. “Get into the right lane,” said the driving instructor.

11. “Avoid Marble Arch,” said the policeman. “There’s going to be a big demonstration there.”

12. “Hold the ladder,” he said. “It’s rather unsteady.”

13. “Read the questions twice,” said the teacher, “and don’t write in the margin.”

14. “You’d better not leave your money lying about,” said one of the students.

15. “Why don’t you open a bank account?” said another.

16. “Would you like to have lunch with me today?” said Tom

“I’m afraid I couldn’t; I can’t leave the office,” said the girl.

17. “Don’t take more than two of these at once,” said the doctor, handling me a bottle of pills.

18. “Could you speak to Albert, please?” I said. “He’s still asleep,” said his mother. “Then please wake him,” I said. “I have news for him.”

19. “I’d buy the big tin if I were you,” said the grocer.

20. “Could I see your driving license?” said the policeman.

21. “You’d better sweep up that broken glass,” I said.

22. “Remember to insure your luggage,” my father said.

23. “Could I have some more pudding, please?” said the boy.

24. “Keep an eye on your luggage,” he said. “This place is full of thieves.”

25. “Don’t forget to put your name at the top of the page,” she said.

26. “Why don’t you go by tube?” said Ann. “It’s much quicker.”

27. Tom (on the phone to Ann): Could you book me a room in a hotel for tonight?

Ann (telling Mary about this) : Tom wants ..

28. Mrs. Jones (on the phone to Mary) :Could you ask Mrs. Smith to ring me back?

 Mary (telling Mrs. Smith about it) : She wants…

29. Letter (from Paul to Ann): Please get me a small tent and camping equipment for two people.

 Ann (telling Mary about this): Paul wants…

30. Mr. White (on the phone to Mr. Black’s secretary): Ask Mr. Black to meet me at six in the bar on the ground floor.

 Secretary (reporting this to Mr. Black): Mr. White would like …

31. He said “Let’s go”

32. “Shall we have dinner somewhere tomorrow night” said Peter.

33. “I can’t come at 1.00” said Ann. “Then what about 2.00?” said Tom

34. “Could you sign the book, please?” he said.

35. He said “You’d better tell Tom.”

36. “Don’t forget to put your name at the top of the page,” he said.

37. “Please don’t drink anymore,” said his wife. “Don’t forget that we have to drive home.”

38. “Fasten your seat belts; there may be a little turbulence,” said the air hostess.

39. “Can you help me with my math?” begged a child to Minh.

40. “Let’s visit some lonely old villagers,” suggested Minh.

Change these sentences into the Passive Voice:

1. They can’t make tea with cold water.

2. The chief engineer was instructing all the workers of the plants.

3. Somediv has taken some of my books away.

4. They will hold the meeting before May Day.

5. They have to repair the engine of the car.

6. The boys broke the window and took away some pictures.

7. People spend a lot of money on advertising everyday.

8. They may use this room for the classroom.

9. The teacher is going to tell a story.

10. Mary is cutting the cake with a sharp knife.

11. The children looked at the women with a red hat.

12. They have provided the victims with food and clothing.

13. You mustn’t use this machine after 5:30 p.m.

14. Luckily for me, they didn’t call my name.

15. After class, one of the students always erases the chalk board.

16. You must clean the wall before you paint it.

17. They told the new pupil where to sit.

18. I knew that they had told him of the meeting.

19. Nodiv has ever treated me with such kindness.

20. No one believes his story.

21. A man I know told me about it.

22. A sudden increase in water pressure may break the dam.

23. We must take good care of books borrowed from the library.

24.We can never find him at home for he is always on the move.

25. They use milk for making butter and cheese.

26. Science and Technology have completely changed human life.

27. John used to visit Mr. Cole at weekends.

28. Weeds cover the river bank.

29. Smoke filled the room.

30. They have given the woman in most countries in the world the right to vote.

31. Don’t speak until someone speaks to you.

32. People speak English in almost every corner of the world.

33. You need to have your hair cut.

34. She advised me to sell that house.

35. Toshico had a mechanic repair her car.

Sentence with verbs of Reporting:

36. People believe that 13 is an unlucky number.

37. They rumoured the man was still living.

38. They declared that she won the competition.

39. They reported that the President had suffered a heart attack.

40. They think that he has died a natural death.

41. They reported that the troops were coming.

42. People believed that the earth stood still.

Causatives: Have / Get Something Done

Change these examples into the structure ‘have + object + past participle’ or ‘get + object + past participle’.

For example: I cleaned my kitchen (have) → I had my kitchen cleaned.

1. I washed my car. (have)

2. I cut my hair. (get)

3. I typed the documents. (have)

4. I fixed my washing machine. (get)

5. I cut my grass. (have)

6. I painted my bedroom. (get)

7. I repaired my fridge. (have)

8. I tidied my garden. (get)

9. I edited the article. (have)

10. I cleaned the carpets. (get)

11. I printed the photo. (have

12. I checked my teeth. (get)

13. I cleaned the windows. (have)

14. I made the necklace. (get)

15. I delivered the furniture. (have)

16. I repaired the roof. (get)

17. I wrote the report. (have)

18. I dyed my hair. (get)

19. I sent the money. (have)

20. I built the shed. (get)

FUTURE PERFECT OR FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS

1. By the end this month, they (be) in HaNoi for 1 month. →

2. By December, we (learn) English for 6 years. →

3. By the end of this week, they (marry) for 2 years. →

4. We (finish) this work in 3 days. →

5. By the time they arrive at the village, all the villagers (leave) for another valley.

6. By the time he gets to the airport, the plane (take) off. →

7. When we go to our class, the lesson (start) for 15 minutes. →

8. I know before they come to my house, I (go) out for a walk. →

9. We have got 2 hours. We (do) all the house work by the time your parents arrive.

10. These machines (work) very well when they get their first service next month. →

11. By the time we find them on the mountain, they (suffer) from coldness and hunger for 6 hours. →

12. By this time tomorrow they (visit) Paris for the first time. →

13. Tom is a first year student. By the end of next year, he (learn) chemistry for 3 years→

14. By 2010, the number of schools in our country (double). →

15. In twelve month’s time, the average income of our people in our country (rise) 5 percent, while inflation (not rise) at all. →

16. I hope they (repair) the road which leads to Huong Vy and Dong Son commune by the time we come back next summer. →

17. Roy can’t ski better. I know by the end of this month, he (have) lessons for a full month. →

18. By the time you arrive, I (write) the essay. →

19. By the year 2012 many people (lose) their jobs. →

20. By 5:30 p.m, we (sit) here for 3 hours. →

21. In 10 more minutes, they (wait) for him for 2 hours. →

22. Before he graduates from his university, he (stay) in HaNoi city for 4 years. →

23. When she retires, he (work) for this factory for 30 years. →

24. By the time we get to the nearest city, we (drive) for 5 days. →