câu điều kiện loại 1

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Câu điều kiện (P1)
Type 0: Cấu trúc câu điều kiện loại 0 dùng để diễn đạt những sự thật tổng quan, những dữ kiện
khoa học luôn luôn xảy ra với một điều kiện nhất định.
If clause
Main clause
Simple present
Simple present
Câu mệnh lệnh
If you heat ice, it turns into water.
If there is a shortage of any product, prices of that product go up.
If he comes, call me = call me if he comes.
Type 1: Câu điều kiện có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai
If clause
Main clause
Simple present
Simple future
If he runs, he will het there on time.
The cat will scratch you if you pull her tail.
 Dạng đặc biệt/ biến thể
If clause
Main clause Use
Simple
May/might
Khả năng
present
Can/may
Must/should Cho phép
Khuyên bảo
Present
continuous
Present
Perfect

Example
If the fog gets thicker, the plane may be
diverted.
If you finish your homework, you can go out
If you want to lose weight, you must eat less
bread
If you are looking for Peter, you will find him
upstairs.

Simple future Nhấn mạnh hđ
đang diễn ra ở
hiện tại
Simple future Nhấn mạnh hành
May/might
động đã kết
thúc/hoàn thành
trước 1 hhđ khác

If you have finished, you may go out

Type 2:Câu điều kiện không có thật ở hiện tại
If clause
Simple Past
(to be were)

Main clause
Would/could/should/may/might + Inf

- Fact: I don’t have a map (HT)
- If I had a map, I would lend it to you.
- If someone tried to blackmail me, I’d call the police.
- If I were you, I’d plant around the house (I’m not you)
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= Were I you, I’d plant around the house
= If I were in your shoes, I’d plant around the house
- If I lived near my office, I’d be in time for work. (I don’t live near my office)
= If I were to live near my office, I’d be in time for work.
= Were he to live near his office, I’d be in time for work.
Type 3: Câu điều kiện không có thật trong quá khứ
If clause
Main clause
Past perfect
would / could / might/should + have + P.P
Fact: He helped me (QK), I won the prize.
If he hadn’t helped me, I wouldn’t have won the prize.
If we had found him earlier, we might have saved him.
If I had worked harder last year, I could have passed the exam.
CHÚ Ý:

1. Đảo ngữ câu ĐK3

If you had obeyed orders, the disaster wouldn’t have happened
 Had you obeyed orders, the disaster wouldn’t have happened
If he hadn’t helped me, I couldn’t pass the exam
 Had he not helped me, I couldn’t pass the exam

2. Câu ĐK trộn
If clause
Simple Past (II)

Main clause
would / could / might/should +
have + P.P (III)

Past Perfect (III)

Would + inf (II)

Example
If I knew my mother was
coming to see me, I’d have
prepared more food
If I had caught that plane last
night, I would be dead now.

BÀI TẬP
Choose the best option to complete each of the following sentences
1. If I ______ the bus this afternoon, I will get a taxi instead.
A. miss
B. will miss
C. missed
D. had missed
2. `We’ll have to go without John if he ______ soon.
A. won’t arrive
B. will arrive
C. arrives
D. doesn’t arrive
3. If you ______ your homework, I _____ you watch TV.
A. won’t do/ let
B. did/ won’t let
C. don’t do/ won’t let D. won’t do/ don’t let
4. If you _____ this switch, the computer _____ on.
A. press/ comes
B. will press/ comes C. press/ can come D. have pressed/ will comes
5. “Would you like some cake?”- “no thanks. If I ________ cake, I ______ fat.”
A. ate/ will get
B. ate/ would get
C. would eat/could get
D. am eating/ will get
6. Pam broke her arm in the accident. It____ much worse if she hadn’t been wearing her seat belt.
A. will be
B. would have been C. was
D. were
7. “My boss made me work overtime again.”_ “if I _____ you, I _____ my job.”
A. were/ would have quit
B. am/ will quit
C. was/ must quit
D. were/ would quit
8. “I don’t know whether to take that job or not”- “_____ you, I _____ it. ”
A. if I had been/ would have taken
B. should I be/ will take
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C. if I were/would have taken
D. I were/ would take
9. If you _____ me about the bad service, we’d have eaten there.
A. didn’t tell
B. wouldn’t have told
C. hadn’t told
D. had told
10. The teacher was absent today, so class was canceled. If she _____ absent again tomorrow, class____
tomorrow, too.
A. is/ will cancel
B. is/ will be canceled
C. was/ would be canceled D. was/ would cancel
11. If he ____ me, I’ll be ready to help him.
A. ask
B. will ask
C. asks
D. to ask
12. When winter comes, I ____ a new coat.
A. buying
B. buy
C. will buy
D. buys
13. What would Tom do if he ____ the truth?
A. would know
B. has know
C. knows
D. knew
14. If I ____ you, I wouldn’t do that.
A. be
B. were
C. was
D. had been
15. If I had been absent from class yesterday, I____ the math test
A. would missed
B. would have missed
C. will miss
D. miss
16. If I _____ a millionaire, I ______ a Civic Honda.
A. am/ will buy
B. was/ would buy
C. was/ would have bought D. were/ would buy
17. “ Here is my phone number”- “thanks, I _______ you a call if I _____ some help.”
A. will give/ will need
B. would give/ needed
C. will give/ need
D. give/ need
18. If I _____ wings, I _____ take an airplane to fly home.
A. have/ won’t have to
B. had/ wouldn’t have to
C. have/ will have to D. had/ didn’t have to
19. I think you should stop smoking.
A. if I am you, I will stop smoking.
B. if I were you, I will stop smoking.
C. if I were you, I would stop smoking.
D. if I had been you, I would stop smoking.
20. We did not visit the museum because we had no time.
A. If we have time, we will visit the museum.
B. If we had time, we would visit the museum.
C. If we had had time, we would have visited the museum.
D. If we had had time, we will visit the museum.
21. ______You work harder, you will be sacked.
A. Whether
B. If
C. However
D. Unless
22. Unless you _____ quiet, I’ll scream.
A. don’t keep
B. keep
C. kept
D. didn’t keep
23. I won’t wake unless I ______ the alarm.
A. don’t hear
B. heard
C. hear
D. didn’t hear
24. ______, he would have been able to pass the exam.
A. If he studied more
B. If he were studying more
C. studying more
D. If he had studied more
25. If I had had some more money, I _______ that book.
A. Would buy
B. will buy
C. would have bought
D. all are correct
26. ______ if I take a map.
A. I will get lost
B. I will not get lost C. I would get lost
D. I would not get lost
27. If cauliflowers ______ from extreme temperatures, the heads get discolored.
A. will not be protected
B. are not protected
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C. were not protected
D. are not being protected
28. ______ I have time, I will go with you,
A. If
B. Unless
C. So
D. So that
29. If you had told me that this was going to happen, I ___ it.
A. would never have believed
B. don’t believe
C. hadn’t believed
D. can’t believe
30. If Jake ___ to go on the trip, would you have gone?
A. doesn’t agree
B. didn’t agree
C. hadn’t agreed
D. wouldn’t agree
31. If I ___ as young as you are, I ___ in a boat round the world.
A. were- would sail B. would be – would sail
C. were- will sail
D. would- would sail
32. ___he___ hard last year, he would have lost the first prize.
A. Hadn’t – studied B. Had- studied
C. Didn’t study
D. If – had studied
33. We ___ the game if we’d had a few more minutes.
A. might have won B. won
C. had won
D. will win
34. I ___ William with me if I had known you and he didn’t get along with each other.
A. hadn’t brought
B. didn’t bring
C. wouldn’t have brought
D. won’t bring
35. ___ interested in that subject, I would try to learn more about it.
A. Were I
B. Should I
C. I was
D. If I am
36. I ___ you sooner had someone told me you were in the hospital.
A. would have visited B. visited
C. had visited
D. visit
37. Do you think there would be less conflict in the world if all people ___ the same language?
A. spoke
B. speak
C. had spoken
D. will speak
38. ____ resigned, we would have been force to sack him.
A. Had he not
B. Hadn’t he
C. He had not
D. He not had
39. ______, he would have been able to pass the exam.
A. If he studied more
B. If he were studying more
C. studying more
D. had he studied more
40. Had I had some more money, I _______ that book.
A. Would buy
B. will buy
C. would have bought D. all are correct
KEY
1. A/2. C/3. C/4. C/5. A/6. B/7. D/8. D/9. D/10. B/11. C/12. C/13. D14. B/15. B/16. D/17. C/18. B
/19. C/20. C/21. D/22. B/23. C/24. D/25. C/26. B/27. B/28. A/29. A/30. C/31. A/32. A/33. A/34. C
35. A/36. A/37. A/38. A/39. D/40. C

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