LÝ THUYẾT CÂU GIÁN TIẾP

Bu i:4 9/10/2018ổTi 19+20+21ếCHUYÊN ỀCÂU GIÁN TI (REPORTED SPEECH)Ế* PH I: LÝ THUY TẦ ẾA. Câu tr ti và câu gián ti (Direct and Reported speech):ự ếGi ng: Luôn có ph n: nh ng thu tệ ườ và nói tr ti pờ hay nói gián ti pờ ếEg: Tom says go to college next summer MĐTT nói tr ti pờ Tom says (that) he goes to college next summer MĐTT nói gián ti pờ Khác: a. Direct speech Là nói thu đúng nguyên văn ng nói. vi gi trích ượ ườ ượ ấhay ngo kép và ngăn cách nh ng thu ph yặ ườ ẩeg: John said, “I like reading science books” The teacher said, “I’ll give you test tomorrow”b. Reported speech Indirect speech: Là nói thu và ng thu t, nh ng ượ ườ ưv gi nguyên ý. Không ngăn cách ph hay ngo kép, và luôn cùng ng ấch câu. ấEg: John said (that) he liked reading science books The teacher said (that) he would give us test the next dayB/ Các thay trong câu gián ti pổ ế1. Thay ng ng thu t: ườ ng ng thu nói tr ti ph phù pộ ườ ượ ợv nghĩa ho trúc câu nói gián ti pớ ếEg: He said, “Do you like coffee?” He asked me if liked coffee “If were you, I’d not buy that coat,” said Mary Mary advised me not to buy the coatChú ý: SAY TO: không bao gi dùng nói gián ti p. (ph ng TELL (O))ờ ượ TELL: không bao gi dùng nói tr ti p. ượ ế2. Thay các ngôi tính u):ổ VD: Mr Nam said to Hoa, You take your book out and show it to me ”- Tình hu ng 1ố ng Hoa ng thu ng khác: Mr Nam told Hoa that ườ ườ ườ she took her book out and showed it to him.- Tình hu ng 2ố Hoa ng thu ng khác: Mr Nam told me that ườ ườ took my book out and showed it to him- Tình hu ng 3:ố Th Nam ng thu ng khác: told Hoa that ườ ườ she took her book out and showed it to me3. Thay th gian, đi m, các ch nhổ ịa. ch th gianừ ờCâu tr ti pự Câu gián ti pế- now- an hour ago- today- tonight- yesterday- tomorrow- Yesterday morning/ afternoon- Tomorrow morning- the day before yesterday- the day after tomorrow- last year- next month then, at that time, at once, immediately an hour before/an hour earlier that day that night the day before/the previous day the next day/the following day the previous morning/ afternoon the next/following morning two days before (in) two days’ time the year before/the previous year the month after/the following monthb. ch ch n, đi m:ừ ểHERE THERE: Khi ch đi xác nhỉ ịEg: “Do you put the pen here?” he said He asked me if put the pen thereHERE thích tùy theo nghĩa: ợEg: She said to me, “You sit here She told me to sit next to her. “Come here John,” he said He told John to come over him.c. Các ch nh:ạ ịTHIS/ THESE ch th gian THAT/THOSEEg: “They’re coming this evening,” he said. He said (that) they were coming that eveningTHIS/THESE danh THEEg: “Is this book yours?” said Mary Mary asked me if the book was mineTHIS/THESE: ch th IT/ THEMEg: He said, “I like this” He said (that) he liked it Ann said to Tom, “Please take these into my room” Ann asked Tom to take them into her room4. Thay thì ng tổ ừ Các tr ng thay thì:ườ ổKhi các ng ng thu (say, tell, ask…) thì quá kh ng trong câu gián ti ph lùi ườ ềquá kh thì so câu tr ti p.ứ ếCâu tr ti pự Câu gián ti pếSimple Present “I don’t know this man”Present Continuous “I’m working for foreign company”Present Perfect “I’ve read good book”Present Perfect Continuous: “I have beenwriting my report”.Simple Past “I finished my assignment”Simple Future “I will do it later”Modal Verbs :“I can work late today”“I may see her tonight”“I must/have to go now” Simple Past: He said he didn’t know that manPast Continuous: He said he was working for foreign companyPast Perfect: He said he had read good bookPast Perfect Continuous: He said he had been writing his reportPast Perfect: He said he had finished his assignmentFuture in the past: He said he would do it later.Past forms of modals:He said he could work late that dayHe said he might see her that nightHe said he had to go then Các tr ng không thay thì:ườ ổa. Khi ng ng thu (say, tell, ask…) thì hi n, ng lai hay hi ườ ươ ạhoàn thành:Eg: He says, “I don’t know the answer to your question” He says to me that he doesn’t know the answer to my question They’ll say, “We’ll buy new house” They’ll say (that) they will buy new houseb. Khi ng ng thu (say, tell, ask…) thì quá kh ng trong câu gián ti không ườ ếđ thì trong các tr ng sau :ổ ườ ợ- ng thu th hi nhiên, chân lý, nh lu khoa hay lý: ườ ậEg: My teacher said, “Russia is the biggest country in the world” My teacher said that Russia is the biggest country in the world He said, “health is more precious than gold” He said (that) health is more precious than gold- ng thu ngay sau khi nói hay khi thu ki không i:ượ ườ ổEg: (In class): A: What did the teacher say? B: He said (that) he wants us to do our homework- Khi ng trong câu tr ti là các ng nh USED TO, hay các ng khi khuy t: ếCOULD, WOULD, SHOULD, MIGHT, OUGHT TO, HAD TO, HAD BETTER Eg: He said, “They might win the game” He said to me that they might win the game.- MUST di khuyên: ờEg: “This book is very useful. You must read it”, Tom said to me. Tom told me (that) the book was very useful and must read it.- Khi ng trong câu tr ti các thì: Past Continuous, Past perfect, Past Perfect Continuous, ở(n thì Simple Past đi kèm th gian th có th không thay thì).ế ổEg: He said, “I was eating when he called me” He told me he was eating when she called him.- Khi ng thu nh mu (wish): theo sau ng WISH, WOULD RATHER, IF ONLYườ ướ Eg: He said, “I wish were richer” He told me he wished he were richer She said, “I wish had good memory” She said she wished she had good memory Các câu đi ki lo 2, (câu đi ki không th t)ề ậEg: He said, “If had time, would help you” He said to me if he had time, he would help me- trúc “It’s (high) time…”ấEg: He said, “It’s time we went” He said it was time they went.He said, “It’s time we changed our way of working” He said (that) it was time they changed their way of working.C/ Các lo câu gián ti pạ ế1. ng thu câu tr thu (statements)ườ ậ- Dùng say ho tell ng thu tể ườ ậ- Th ng ng: He ườ said that …./ she said to me that …/ they told me that ….,eg: She said, “I’m happy to see you again” She said that she was happy to see me again She said to me that she was happy to see me again She told me that she was happy to see me again- Chú thì, các các ch th gian, đi m…ổ ể2. ng thu câu (questions)ườ ỏa. câu tr ti (Wh-question)ố ế- Th ng ng: He ườ asked (me) …/ He wanted to know …/ She wondered ….Eg: She asked, “What is his job?” She asked what his job was. They asked me, “Where did you have lunch?” They asked me where had lunch.- Không tr ng tr ch ng nh trong câu tr ti p. ướ ế- Không ch cu câu. ố- Thay thì các ch th gian, đi m…ổ ểb. câu “Yes No” ho câu ch “Or”ố ọ- Ph thêm “if/whether” câu ng thu tể ườ ậeg: She asked, “are you teacher?” She asked him if/whether he was teacher They asked me, “Do you want to go or stay at home?” They asked me if/ whether wanted to go or stay at home.- Câu đuôi ng thu ượ ườ gi ng câu Yes/Noố nh ng ph đuôi phía sauỏ ầeg: She asked, “You will stay here, won’t you?” She asked me if/whether would stay there. 3. Câu ng thu “infinitive”:ườ ớa. ng thu câu nh nh, yêu (Imperatives Commands or Requests)ườ dùng trúc:ấ tell/ ask/ request/ order somebody (not) to do somethingEg: “Read carefully before signing the contract,” he said. He told me to read carefully before signing thecontract) “The commander said to his soldier, "Shoot!" The commander ordered his soldier to shoot. “Please talk slightly,” they said. They requested us to talk slightly. “Listen to me, please” He asked me to listen to him. “Will you help me, please?” He asked me to help him. “Will you lend me your dictionary?” He asked me to lend him my dictionary. b. ng thu khuyên (Adviceườ dùng trúc:ấ advise somebody (not) to do something khuyên: Had better, ought to, should, mustờ Why don’t you V? If were you, I’d (not) V…Eg: “Why don’t you take course in computer?” my teacher said to me. My teacher advised me to take course in computer.c. ng thu (Invitation) ườ dùng trúc: invite somebody to do somethingấEg: “Would you like to have breakfast with me?” Tom said to me. Tom invited me to have breakfast with him.d. ng thu nh báo (warn) ườ dùng trúc: warn somebody (not) to do something “Don’t touch the red buttons,” said the mom to the child. The mom warns the child not to touch the red buttonse. ng thu nh nh (reminders) ườ dùng trúc: remind somebody to do somethingấ“Don’t forget to turn off the lights before leaving,” Sue told me Sue reminded me to turn off the lights before leavingf. ng thu ng viên (encouragement) ườ dùng trúc: encourage urge somebody to do ấsomething“Go on, take part in the competition,” said my father My father encouraged me to take part in the competitiong. ng thu kh ườ dùng trúc: beg/implore somebody to do somethingấ“Do me favor, please,” said the servant to his master The servant begged/implored his master to do him favor.h. ng thu ngh nguy (offers) ườ dùng trúc: offer to do something ấL ngh Shall Vờ Would you like me to Let me VEg: Mary said to Ann, “Shall get you glass of orange juice?” Mary offered to get Anna glass of orange juice. “Shall bring you some tea?” He asked He offered to bring me some teai. ng thu (Promises) ườ dùng trúc: promise (not) to do somethingấEg: “I’ll give the book back to you tomorrow,” he said He promised to give the book back to me the next day.j. ng thu đe (threat)ườ dùng trúc: threaten to do something.ấ“I’ll shot if you move,” said the robber The robber threatened to shoot if moved4. Câu ng thu “gerund”ườ ớCác trúc câu ng thu danh ng :ấ ườ ừS V-ing: admit, deny, suggest…S preposition V-ing: apologize for, complain about, confess to, insist on, object to, dream of, think of…S preposition V-ing: accuse..of, blame…for, congratulate…on, criticize…for, warn…about/against, praise…for, thank…for, prevent…from…Eg: “I’ve always wanted to study abroad,” he said. He’ dreaming of studying abroad. “It’s nice of you to give me some fruit. Thanks,” Ann said to Mary Ann thanked Mary for giving her some fruit“I’m sorry, I’m late,” Tom said to the teacher. Tom apologized to the teacher for being late “Shall we meet at the theater?” he asked He suggested meeting at the theater. 5. Câu thán trong nói gián ti pả ếWhat lovely dress! She exclaimed that the dress was lovely. She exclaimed that the dress was lovely one. She exclaimed with admiration at the sight of the dress.6. Các hình th trong nói gián ti pứ ếShe said, “Can you play the piano?” and said “no” She asked me if could play the piano and said that could not