Grammar and exercises for English 11 hay

LESSON 1: TENSES Các thì )1. SIMPLE PRESENT HI )Ệ ƠAffir S+V1 /Vs, es Ex Water boils at 100 c.Neg: S+ do/ does not+ V1 Ex Tom doesn’t feel hungry.Inter: Do/ does+ V1 …? Ex How often do you go to school? *(Be):am, is, are not (have):has/ have not do does not haveDi tễ Tình m, giác, thích, quan đi m.ả Thói quen,ho ng ng ngày, phong c, quán.ạ ậ Chân lí, th hi nhiên.ự ể Xu qu chấ ịV iớ EVERY (day, year…), ALWAYS, OFTEN, USUALLY, SOMETIME, SELDOM, RARELY, NEVER, EVER, ONCE TWICE THREE TIMES day/ week/ month…), all the time, now and then trí tr ng trong câu: ừ Tr ng th ng (Ex: His wife ướ ườ never cooks) Sau ng tobe và các tr ng .(Ex: am never late for school.) Notes Qui thêm es ng có ít ố- Các ng cùng là o, sh, ch, x, s, và .- Các ng cùng là mà ng tr là ph âmướ ta iổ es( She stud ies, Tom tr ies, nh ngư He play .).2 PRESENT CONTINUOUS HI TI DI )Ệ ỄS am/ is/ are Ving Ex: We are studying English now.S am/ is/ are not Ving Ex: She isn’t writing when he comes.Am/ Is/ Are Ving Ex: What are you doing while am doing?Di tễ Hđ ng đang ra Ht vào lúc nói, vi t.ộ hđ ng đang kéo dài // Ht (while: trong khi).ộ hđ ng đang kéo dài Ht thì có hđ ng ng ng ra(S+ Vộ ả1 Vs, es ) Hành ng đang ra ,sau câu nh nh Look Listen, Be careful, Be quiet, …)ộ ệEx: Be quiet! The baby is sleeping in the next room. nh trong ng lai, có ho ch, th ng dùng i: go, move, come, ươ ườ ớarrive, leave, travel, Ex: He is leaving early tomorrow morning.V iớ AT PRESENT AT THE MOMENT NOW, RIGHT NOW, JUST NOW 3. PRESENT PERFECT HI HOÀN THÀNH )Ệ ẠDi tễ Hđ ng Qk không rõ tgian.ộ Hđ ng ra ho ra đây.ộ Hđ ng trong Qk, còn ti Ht có th ti Tlai.ộ ởS has/ have V3 edEx: I’ve just opened the door. Ex: We have studied English for many years.S has/ have not V3 edEx: Jack hasn’t come recently.Has/ Have V3 ed? Ex: How long have you studied English?1V iớ BEFORE, ALREADY, RECENTLY= LATELY, EVER, NEVER, YET JUST, TWICE, SEVERAL TIMES, SINCE Tgian, FOR kho ng Tgian, UP TO NOW=UP TILL NOW=SO ảFAR…* Dùng các This is the first time, this is the second time, dùng trong trúc: ấThat( This) is the best …. that has/ have V3 ed 4. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS HI HOÀN THÀNH TI DI )Ệ Ễa. has/ have been Ving b. has/ have not been Ving .c. Has/ Have been Ving ?Ex: We have been studying English for many years.Di tễ Hđ ng trong Qkh ti Ht có th Tlai nh nh tính liên c, không gián đo hành ng) ộ* ng th ng dùng:learn, lie, live, sit, rain, sleep, stand, study, wait, work, teach, ườstay 5. SIMPLE PAST QUÁ KH )Ứ ƠS V2 edEx: saw him yesterday.S did not V1 Ex: She didn’t come last week.Did V1 Ex: Did Mr. Lee phone an hour ago? *(Be) was were wasn’t, weren’tDi tễ Hđ ng đã ra ch hoàn toàn trong Qk xác nh rõ TG)ộ ị- Thói quen trong quá khứ- câu chuy trong quá kh .ể ứV iớ YESTERDAY, AGO ,LAST (night, week, year…), THE DAY BEFORE YESTERDAY, in+ tgian quá kh .ở ứ6. PAST CONTINUOUS (Q KH TI DI N)Ế ỄS was/ were Ving Ex: We were watching TV at pm yesterday.S was/ were not Ving Ex:I was writing while my father was reading.Was were Ving Ex: She was sleeping as the telephone rang.Di tễ Hđ ng ra th đi kho ng th gian Qk xác nh at 7pm, from to 7, …)ộ hđ ng di ra // Qk. (while: trong khi)ộ hđ ng Qk đang kéo dài thì hđ ng đng ra (S Vộ ả2 ed)V iớ AT THIS TIME, AT THAT MOMENT…1. AS WHEN was/ were Ving, V2 edEX: was talking to her whenher mother got home.2. was/ were Ving Whlie was/ were Ving EX: She was playing chess while they were cooking lunch.7. PAST PERFECT (THÌ QUÁ KH HOÀN THÀNH)ỨS had V3 ed had not V3 ed2Had V3 ed ?Ex: Last night went to bed after had done my homework.Di tễ Hđ ng ra tr TG Qk ho tr hđ Qk ướ ướV iớ tr c: S+ had +Vướ3 ed sau: V2 HAD V3 Ved BEFORE V2 edEx: They had phoned me before they came here.B V2 ED AFTER HAD V3 VED Ex: went to school after had had breakfast.8. SIMPLE FUTURE (T NG ƯƠ LAI )S will shall V1 Ex: I’ll buy it tomorrow.S will shall not V1 Ex: won’t buy it tomorrow.Will Shall V1 Ex: Will you buy it tomorrow?*Note: will not =won’t shall not =shan’t.Di tễ Hđ ra trong tlai.ẽ yêu (Will you Vờ ầ1 …? ); ngh Shall we Về ị1 …?)V iớ TOMORROW, SOON, NEX (week, month,…)9. FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE (T NG ƯƠ LAI TI DI )Ế WILL BE V-ing+ Di hành ng đang ra th đi xác nh trong ng lai ươEx: We will be playing badminton at 9:00 a.m tomorrow.V iớ At this time tomorrow morning, afternoon, evening ), at this time next……… 10. FUTURE PERFECT NG LAI HOÀN THÀNH)ƯƠEx: We’ll have already finished the work by the time you get back tomorrow. Di tễ Hành ng hoàn trong ng lai.ộ ươV iớ BY THE TIME…, BY THE END OF….. BY THE TIME THE YEAR 2015…, 11. FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE NG LAI HOÀN THÀNH TI DI )ƯƠ WILL HAVE BEEN V-ing To show an continuous action which at given time will be in the past.( hành ng ra trong quá kh kéo dài th đi cho tr trong ng lai )ộ ướ ươEx: By the end of this school year, will have been teaching at Chu Van An High School for years.* Notes: 1) Near future (Tlai n) am/ is are going to V1 a, nh…ẽ Dùng di nh, ho ch tr cễ ượ ướ Ex: I’m going to buy it tomorrow.2)M ng sau đây th ng không dùng thì ti di nộ ườ Be Ex: am student now. will shall have V3 ed 3 Nh ng ng ch giác quan see, hear, feel, look (trông có ), smell, taste, recognize.ẻ Nh ng ng ch xúcả like, dislike love, hate, want wish, desire, refuse, forgive Nh ng ữđ ng ch lí trí understand, know, think, realize, suppose, believe, remember, forget, mind, expect, recollect. Nh ng ng ch u, ti c, thúcắ begin, continue, finish… …………………………………………………………………***…………………………………………… 4EXERCISE I. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form.1. We finish our dinner hafl an hour ago. =>2. The farmers work in the field now. =>3. My father live in London. He be there for 20 years. =>4. She paid for her tickets and leave ). =>5. Mrs Green always go to work by bus. => 6. She sit under tree when it begin to rain. => =>7. How many times you see him since him went to Edinburgh. =>8. Mr Davy work in the same place for thirty five years and he is not planning retire yet. =>9. River usually flow to the sea. =>10. By next week they finish resurfacing the road. =>11. Water boil at 100 degrees Celsius. =>12. The phone ring suddenly while Joanne was doing the housework. =>13. Before Jennifer won the lottery, she not enter any kind of contest. =>14. see) this film several times. => 15. He live in Ho Chi Minh City during last summer. =>16. Listen! Someone (knock) at the door. =>17. Up to the present, we (write) almost every lesson in the book. =>18. That house belong) to Mr Green. =>19. Rivers usually (flow) to the sea. =>20. (move) to Ho Chi Minh city years ago to learn English. => => 21. When arrive this house, he still sleep). => => 22. The light (go out) when we (have) dinner. =>23. Bill have) breakfast when (stop) at this house this morning. => => 24. As we (cross) the street, we (see) an accident. => => 25. Tom (see) serious accident while he (stand) at the bus stop. => =>II choose the best answer among A,B,C or D1. He always …………… for walk in the evening.A. go B. is going C. goes D. going2. Her brother …………… in Canada at present.A. working B. works C. is working D. work3. He has been selling motorcycles……………A. ten years ago B. since ten years C. for ten years ago D. for ten years4. Columbus…….America more then 400 years ago.A. discovered B. has discovered C. had discovered D. he has gone5. He fell down when he ……towards the church.A. run B. runs C. was running D. had run6. They …….pingpong when their father comes back home.A. will play B. will be playing C. play D. would play7. By Christmas, I……..for you for months. A. Shall have been working B. shall work 5C. have been working D. shall be working8. I…….in the room now.A. am being B. was being C. have been being D. am9. I……..to New york three times this year.A. have been B. was C. were D. had been10. will come and see you before I……..for America. A. leave B. will leave C. have left D. shall leave11. The little girl asked what…..to her friend.A. has happened B. happened C. had happened D. would have been happened12. John ……a book when saw him.A. is reading B. read C. was reading D. reading13. My sister…….for you since yesterday.A. is looking B. was looking C. has been looking D. looked14. When last saw him, he…….in London.A. has lived B. is living C. was living D. has been living15. After I………lunch, looked for my bag.A. had B. had had C. have has D. have had16. By the end of next year, Geoge………English for years.A. will have learned B. will learn C. has learned D. would learn17. The man got out the car,………round to the back and opened the boot.A. walking B. walked C. walks D. walk18. For several years his ambition………to be pilot.A. is B. has been C. was D. had been19. He will take the dog out for walk as soon as he …….dinner.A. finish B. finishes C. will finish D. shall have finished20. Before you asked, the letter……….A. was written B. had been written C. had written D. has been written21. Ask her to come and see me when she ………her work.A. finish B. has finished C. finished D. finishing22. Almost everyone……for home by the time we arrived.A. leave B. left C. eaves D. had left23. While her husband was in the army, Janet ……. to him twice week.A. was writing B. wrote C. was written D. had written24. have never played badminton before.This is the first time I……..to play.A. try B. tried C. have tried D. am trying25. Since……,I have heard nothing from him.A. he had left B. he left C. he has left D. he was left26. don’t understand this sentence.What…………………….?A. does mean this word B. have this word meanC. means this word D. does this word mean27. John……..tennis once or twice week.A. usually play B. is usually playing C. usually plays D. have usually played28. …….for Christine. Do you know where she is?A. look B. looked C. am looking D. looks29. At o’clock yesterday evening, I………my clothes.A. am ironing B. have ironed C. ironed D. was ironing30. I……..along the street when suddenly heard footsteps behind me.A. was walking B. am walking C. walk D. walked31. She ……..German for two years.A. has learnt B. is learning C. learn D. learns32. The earth……… round the sun.A. go B. has gone C. went D. goes33. Look! That man………..to open the door of your car.A. try B. tried C. is trying D. has tried634. I……..here at the end of the month.A. will leave B. would leave C. would have left D. is leaving35. The children are still ill but they _____ better gradually.A. get B. getting C. are get D. are getting36. …………… my report when you entered the hall.A. made B. have been makin C. was making D. have made37. They …………… the newwords yesterday from three to seven.A. learnt B. have been learning C. have learnt D. were learning38. She …………… this exercise yesterday at o’clock.A. wrote B. has written C. has been writing D. was writing39. My mother often …………… morning excercises.A. do B. does C. doing D. has done40. At last the bus came.We ………..for half an hour.A. waited B. was waiting C. have waited D. had been waiting………………………………………………………………***………………………………………………LESSON 2: PHONOLOGY NG ÂM )ỮCách phát âm ch “s” cu i: ố- là ượ /s/ sau các cùng ng các âm: p/ /t/ /k/, /f/ /θ/- là ượ /z/ sau các cùng ng các âm: /b/, /n/, /g/, /l/, /d/, /v/, /m/, /r/, /η/, /ð/ và các nguyên âm- es là ượ /iz/ sau các cùng ng các âm: /s/, /z/, /∫/, /t∫/, /, /d Cách phát âm “ed” cu i: ố- ed là ượ /t/ sau các cùng ng các âm: p/ /s/ /k/, /f/ /θ/, /, /, ed là ượ /d/ sau các cùng ng các âm: /b/, /n/, /g/, /l/, /v/, /m/, /r/, /η/, /ð/ và các nguyên âm ed là ượ /id/ sau các cùng ng các âm: t/ /d/ .*L ý: tính cùng la ed ho tr ng cùng là edly thì ed phát âm là ượ /id/ :naked, wicked, crooked, ragged, rugged, learned, deservedly, supposedly, markedly, allegedly. Khi ch ch ướ :Bình th ng ch ườ phát âm là /s/ nh ng có nh ng ngo nh là :ư ớs /z/ các ch sau:ữ busy, please, easy, present, desire, music, pleasant, desert, choose, reason, preserve, poison..-Ch sugar,sureĐ ch CHố ữ- CH là bình th ngườ- CH /k/ các ch sau: chemist, ache, Christmas, mechanic, architect, character …- CH là machine, champagne, chamois, chalet, charade ... ch Hố ữcác ch sau đây là câm hour, honor, honest (và các gia đình ch này)ừ ữĐ iố ch GHữBình th ng là /ườ f/Đ âm /u/ và /u:/ ớ7/u/ m: put, pull, full, could, woman, foot, look, good, book... ./u:/ m: food, school, tooth, fruit, June, noon, soup, through, move, shoe,.. ...* Silent consanant (âm câm)"B" câm khi ng sau "M" ho ng tr "T": bomứ ứơ clim com tom dou t, su tle, de t....(Chú ý: có không tuân theo quy này: timber...)ừ ắ"H" sau đây là câm: hour, honor, honest ."K" câm khi ng tr "N": know, ướ nife, nob."N" câm khi ng sau "M": autumứ column, hymn, condem ."P" câm: cupboard, receipt, psychology,..."W" câm: sword"T" câm: Listen often fasten, ballet, ...* Stress NH )Ấ Ấ_ Các có âm ti từ :+ Tr ng âm th ng vào âm ti th nh đó là danh ho tính yellow, person, patient, ườ ừfuture Tr ng âm th ng vào âm ti th đó là ng predict, create, delay, ...ọ ườ ừ- Nh ng có âm ti tr lên:ữ ở_ Nh ng có đuôi là: TY, PHY, CY, SY, ATE, UTE, UDE, LOGY, OUS, AL, TUDE, ETY, ICAL, LOGY, GRAPHY, METRY, NOMY thì tr ng âm vào âm ti th cu lên: comọ MU nicate, PRO phecy, inter NA tional, IN stitute ..._ Nh ng có đuôi: TION, XION, CION, SION, IC, URE, IOUS, EOUS, CIAL, IAN, ITY, IOUR, IOR, ORY, UTY, có tr ng âm vào âm ti th lên ecoọ ướ NO mic, de PA ture, PRE cious, infor MA tion, BI lity, QUA lity, DEN tity, ..._ Nh ng thúc ng đuôi ADE, EE, EER, ESE, OO, OON, SELF, thì tr ng âm vào chính nó ơemploy EE car EER bam BOO chi NESE ... ………………………………………………………………***……………………………………… ExerciseThe pronunciation of the endings: s/es and edExercise Choose the word whose ending ‘-s/es’ or ‘-ed’ is pronounced differently from the others’1. A. talked B. naked C. asked D. liked2. A. worked B. stopped C. forced D. wanted3. A. lays B. says C. stays D. plays4. A. waited B. mended C. naked D. faced5. A. promises B. devises C. surprises D. realises6. A. houses B. faces C. horses D. places7. A. naked B. sacred C. needed D. walked8. A. asks B. breathes C. breaths D. hopes9. A. kissed B. helped C. forced D. raised10. A. sees B. sports C. pools D. trains11. A. naked B. beloved C. helped D. wicked12. A. ticked B. checked C. booked D. sacred13. A. tombs B. lamps C. brakes D. invites814. A. books B. floors C. combs D. drums15. A. investigates B. provides C. clothes D. paths16. A. confused B. faced C. cried D. defined17. A. trays B. says C. bays D. days18. A. kissed B. pleased C. increased D. ceased19. A. devoted B. suggested C. provided D. wished20. A. closes B. loses C. loves D. chooses Stressed syllabeExercise 2:1. A. individual B. reputation C. experience D. scientific2. A. carpenter B. revise C. ignore D. traditional3. A. marvelous B. position C. separate D. government4. A. influence B. modern C. consider D. different5. A. contain B. poisonous C. chemical D. scientist6. A. discover B. unhealthy C. amount D. realise7. A. avoid B. gesture C. permit D. exact8. A. determine B. supportive C. conical D. performance9. A. counterpart B. million C. recognize D. detective10. A. operation B. official C. community D. efficiency11. A. arrangement B. distinguish C. theorist D. collective12. A. appropriate B. emotional C. pronounce D. situation13. A. resolution B. eradication C. contradiction D. similarity14. A. benefit B. understand C. engineer D. underpaid15. A. capacity B. particular C. altogether D. especially Stressed syllabe Exercise 3:1. A. carry B. invent C. appoint D. become2. A. popular B. dangerous C. magazine D. applicant3. A. physicist B. president C. inventor D. gardener4. A. legacy B. stressful C. document D. unpleasant5. A. generation B. celebration C. minority D. electronics6. A. contemporary B. retirement C. wisdom D. occasionally7. A. procedure B. nursery C. assignment D.conside 8. A. disaster B. advocate C. secretary D. ravaged9. A. collapse B. tendency C. volcanic D. uncovering10. A. dreadful B. nourish C. earthquake D. emergency11. A. astronaut B. economist C. medium D. continent12. A. garbage B. pressure C. ready D. believe13. A. decision B. effective C. leftover D. opinion14. A. suitable B. together C. supportive D. solution15. A. compliment B. attention C. informal D. approaching………………………………………………………………***……………………………………… LESSON 3: SUBJECT VERB AGREEMENT( HÒA GI CH VÀ NG )Ự Ừ1. Singular verb- Ch ng ítủ ho danh không c)ặ ượ9EX: Milk is good for health- Hai ch nhau ng and” nh ng có cùng ng ho ch ng i.ủ ưở ườEX: Love and to be loved is the happiest thing on the earth. My best friend and adviser, Tom is coming tonight.- Ch ng là hai danh khác nhau nhau ng “and” nh ng tr danh có each ho ướ ặevery.EX: Each boy and each girl has book.- Ch ng là các phi ch everybody, somebody, nobody, something, …)ủ ỉEX: Nothing was seen last night because of the darkness.- Ch ng là: Ti n, Th gian, Kho ng cách ho ng.ủ ượEX: Twenty dollars is too much to pay for such shirt. Four weeks is long time to wait for you.- Ch ng là nh hay danh ng gerund).ủ ừEX: Swimming is good for health. That you get very high grades in school is necessary. Ch ng là các danh tr ng. knowledge, beauty,…), môn physics, mathematics,…), căn ượ ọb nh meales, mumps, …) ho các danh nh news, funiture, work,… ưEX: The funiture is more expensive than we thought.2. Plural verb- Ch ng nhi u. ềEX: They are students.- Ch ng là hai danh nhau ng “and”.ủ ằEX: Nam and Ba are brothers. Water and oil don’t mix .- Ch ng là: The Adjectiveủ ữEX: The rich are not always happy.- Ch ng là các danh people, police, cattle,…)ủ ợEX: The police have arrested the thieves.- Ch ng là: few, both, many nounủ ữEX: few books were lost yesterday.3. Singular or pluar verb.- Ch ng là hai danh nhau ng “or”, “neither… nor”, “either…or”, ho “not only…but also” ặthì ng chia theo ượ danh th haiừ .EX: Neither he nor his friends were at school yesterday.- Ch ng là hai danh nhau ng “with”, “as well as”, ho together with” thì ng chia ừtheo danh th nh từ ấEX: The director as well as his staff has to learn English.- Ch ng là có gi thì ng chia theo dand ng tr gi .ủ ướ ừEX: The picture of soldiers has been sold.- Ch ng là: “The munber of noun” thì ng chia ítủ ốEX: The number of students in this class is small.- Ch ng là: “A nunber of noun” thì ng chia nhi u.ủ ềEX: number of students were absent yesterday.- Ch ng là There be noun” thì ng “be” chia theo danh (noun)ủ ừEX: There is fly in this room There are lot of people here.………………………………………………………………***……………………………………………… EXERCISE I. Giving the correct verb form:1. The pictures in the magazines (be) very beautiful. => ……………………………2. The shops along with this street (open) until PM. => ……………………………3. Either he or you (be) intelligent. => ……………………………10