Unit 6

Unit 6. ENDANGERED SPECIES

Part I. PHONETICS

Exercise 1. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.

1. A. endangered B. gorilla C. global D. dragon

2. A. change B. poaching C. chemical D. achievement

3. A. horn B. vehicle C. hippo D. habitat

4. A. species B. nest C. special D. helpful

5. A. snorkelling B. sensitive C. diversity D. reserve

Exercise 2. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of the primary stress in each of the following questions.

6. A. visit B. extinct C. survive D. evolve

7. A. dangerous B. survivor C. habitat D. vulnerable

8. A. convenient B. endanger C. critical D. tradition

9. A. pollution B. collision C. protection D. valuable

10. A. migrate B. giant C. panda D. rhino

Part II. VOCABULARY

Exercise 3. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

11. All types of dinosaurs went extinct long time ago.

A. thrived B. boomed C. survived D. died out

12. We need to prepare for our biology assignment about endangered plant species.

A. harmless B. dangerous C. likely to go extinct D. harmful

13. These animals are quite vulnerable when living near the industrial zone.

A. calm B. easily hurt C. safe D. relaxed

14. Every year, in Africa a lot of elephants are poached for tusks.

A. illegally hunted B. gently cooked C. boiled D. stewed

15. More complex animals gradually evolved from these very simple creatures.

A. resolved B. involved C. revolted D. developed

16. Many species are threatened in the wild due to habitat destruction by man.

A. usual behaviour B. favourite activity C. place of living D. rituals

17. These animals are now on the verge of extinction.

A. natural tendency B. no longer existing C. thriving D. developing

18. This forest contains many rare specie of plants.

A. in small numbers B. real C. half-cock D. not done properly

19. Many birds didn't survive the severe winter.

A. have enough food B. surprise C. get over D. continue to live

20. The main threat to the survival of these creatures comes from their loss of habitat.

A. service B. surprise C. continuing to exist D. no longer existing

21. Darwin's theory of evolution incorporates the principle of natural selection.

A. radical revolution B. gradual development

C. radical resolution D. practical involvement

22. Environmentalists try to persuade the governments to see the need to preserve biological diversity.

A. variety B. direction C. similarity D. closeness

23. Through the years they have made significant contributions to species conservation.

A. protest B. protection C. production D. induction

24. There are several reasons why we should protect endangered species.

A. argue against B. disapprove C. guard from harm D. make known

25. We need to take action to help preserve fish stocks.

A. serve B. prepare C. reserve D. conserve

26. At the moment it is difficult to assess the extent of the damage that his company has caused to the environment.

A. loss B. useful benefits C. advantage D. nuances

27. The rainforest is being systematically destroyed.

A. developed B. exploited C. expanded D. devastated

28. A number of mammal species roamed widely around the northern hemisphere.

A. wandered B. roared C. explored D. discovered

29. Komodo dragons are fierce hunters and can eat very large preys.

A. sharp B. aggressive C. friendly D. cooperative

30. What was fascinating to me was the way the creatures moved.

A. extremely fast B. completely boring

C. extremely interesting D. completely motivating

31. Environmentalists dedicate a lot of their time to running campaigns to raise people's awareness about protecting endangered species.

A. eliminate B. save C. waste D. devote

32. Malaysia local authorities have made efforts to restore the population of sea turtles.

A. pay back B. realize C. relax D. give back

33. Many wildlife reserves have been set up in this country.

A. money reserves B. booking reservations

C. protected areas D. emergency fund

34. Turtle enclosures save baby turtles from natural predators like birds, crabs, and lizards.

A. survivors B. hunters C. savers D. protectors

35. Dinosaurs were unable to survive severe ice age weather conditions.

A. harsh B. separate C. safe D. serious

36. We should have better law enforcement to stop poaching.

A. implementation B. enlightenment C. encouragement D. endorsement

37. Money spent on protecting endangered species should be used for improving me of the local people.

A. improvising B. enhancing C. implementing D. enacting

38. Today, the elephants' population is declining.

A. remaining stable B. going up C. decreasing D. developing

39. Fish are still abundant in that lake.

A. scarce B. available C. decreasing D. plentiful

40. Elephants play an important role in maintaining biodiversity.

A. retaining B. stopping C. pausing D. ending

41. Elephants break up thorny bushes to create grasslands for other animals to inhabit.

A. come in B. live in C. like D. prefer

42. Elephants droppings are vital to the environment.

A. controversial B. trivial C. essential D. optional

Exercise 4. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

43. The fire will go out unless we put some more wood on.

A. go off B. go in C. stop burning D. continue burning

44. Let's clear up this rubbish and put it in the bin.

A. mess up B . clear away C. tidy D. clear off

45. The environmental pollution level in this area has built up a lot over recent years.

A. increased B. decreased C. blocked D. concentrated

46. All visitors are kept out of the conservation area.

A. prevented from entering B. prevented from destroying

C. allowed to enter D. allowed to take photos

47. It is predicted that the natural resources will run out by the end of the century.

A. come in B. run short C. run away D. remain intact

48. It is urgent that these governments work out a solution to the problem that they are all facing.

A. keep secret B. find C. share D. arrive at

49. In order to protect endangered species, it is important that all people join in.

A. participate B. leave C. take part D. enjoy

50. Many people decided to give up eating meat and become vegetarians.

A. cut up B. put up C. continue D. use up

Part III. GRAMMAR

Exercise 5. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.

51. As soon as we will arrive, we will unpack the car.

A B C D

52. By this time next week, I am lying on a beach on the Bahamas.

A B C D

53. When I will see him, I will tell him you want to speak to him.

A B C D

54. Take a book with you, in case you will have to wait for a long time.

A B C D

55. Do you realize that by this time next week we have been in Paris?

A B C D

56. I'm sure you will be glad when we finally will arrive.

A B C D

57. By the time we will arrive, everydiv will have left.

A B C D

58. Looking at the schedule it says the boat will leaves at ten tonight.

A B C D

59. I know Jenny calls later and as soon as she does I'm going to tell her what's happened.

A B C D

60. The more time you spend on prepare for the test, the higher scores you may get.

A B C D

61. The more you practise speaking in your class, the more better you are at public speaking.

A B C D

62. The more better I study about endangered species, the more I worry about their extinction.

A B C D

63. The warmer the weather get around the world, the faster the polar ice caps will melt.

A B C D

64. The more renewable energy sources we use, the more better our living conditions will become.

A B C D

65. As people need more land to build houses, they cut down on more forests.

A B C D

66. The unemployment rate is getting higher, so that the crime rate is becoming higher as well.

A B C D

Exercise 6. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

67. Rare animal extinction is one of the things that could have happened.

A. good B. best C. worse D. worst

68. We need to do this ____ than we are at the moment.

A. quickly B. the quickest C. more quickly D. most quickly

69. Mary speaks English better than her sister ____.

A. is B. Ø C. has D. can

70. Looking after a kitten is ____ more difficult than I thought it would be.

A. far B. farther C. further D. father

71. Living in a big city isn't ____ interesting as I thought it would be.

A. less B. most C. more D. as

72. It has been a really bad journey, but I think the ____ is behind us.

A. good B. better C. worst D. worse

73. I'm quite disappointed in you as I know you can do ____.

A. bad B. better C. worst D. good

74. He arrived ____ than anyone else, so he had to wait more than an hour.

A. earlier B. more early C. early D. earliest

75. It is getting hotter and ____ every summer. I guess that is the result of global warming.

A. less B. more C. colder D. hotter

76. The meal was a bit ____ expensive than we expected, but it was very nice.

A. least B. less C. more D. most

77. I've never eaten such a strange thing ____ this before.

A. similar B. as C. same D. look like

78. By the time we get there, the film ____.

A. starts B. started C. will start D. will have started

79. If we don't protect these rare species, they ____ by 2030s.

A. die out B. will die out C. will have died out D. have died out

80. Next December, they ____ for twenty years.

A. will have been married B. have been married C. are married D. were married

81. By the time you come home, I ____ the decorating.

A. have finished B. will have finished C. are finishing D. finished

82. By the year 2050, computers ____ teachers.

A. replace B. will replace C. will have replaced D. have replaced

83. Jim and Laura ____ here for four years next June.

A. have lived B. will live C. will be living D. will have lived

84. This chess game is going to last ages. They ____ it until midnight.

A. won't have finished B. will finish C. have finished D. finish

85. ____ this book by the time it is due back to the library?

A. Will you read B. Will you have read C. Will you be reading D. Have you read

86. I hope I ____ before I'm thirty.

A. win a lot of prizes B. will win a lot of prizes

C. will have won a lot of prizes D. have won a lot of prizes

87. Maybe I ____ famous by the age of thirty-five.

A. become B. have become C. will become D. will have become

88. I hope I ____ millions of dollars from my business by the age of forty.

A. make B. will make C. have made D. will have made

89. At ten o'clock, I ____ my mathematics homework for three hours.

A. will be doing B. will have been doing C. have done D. do

90. We probably ____ by the time you get home.

A. don't leave B. won't leave C. won't have left D. haven't left

Part IV. SPEAKING

Exercise 7. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct response to each of the following exchanges. Two friends Nam and Lan are talking about the topic of endangered species.

91. Nam: Would you like to join my wildlife protection team?

Lan: ____

A. Yes, I like working for this organization very much.

B. Thank you. I've always wanted to do something to help.

C. Where is it located?

D. There are so many wildlife protection teams.

92. Lan: Can we meet this Sunday to discuss our plan for the wildlife protection project?

Nam: ____

A. Yes, we did that. B. Sunday is the weekend.

C. Sunday suits me fine. D. Sunday is a great day.

93. Nam: What do you think about killing animals like dogs and cats for food?

Lan: ____

A. It is really cruel. B. I prefer dogs to cats.

C. Both of them are pets. D. Dogs are really faithful.

94. Lan: Do you think I should accept an offer to do voluntary work in the zoo?

Nam: ____

A. Why did they offer you the job? B. Zoos have a lot of animals.

C. Voluntary work is meaningful. D. I definitely think you should say yes.

95. Nam: I'd like to hear your ideas on how to protect vulnerable species.

Lan: ____

A. I'd say people's awareness is very important. B. You're always asking me for advice.

C. I like your ideas so much. D. These animals are vulnerable.

96. Nam: I'm planning to raise a couple of rabbits at home.

Lan: ____

A. Rabbits are very fast. B. I've never seen rabbits before.

C. I've decided to raise a cat. D. That's a good idea.

97. Nam: Do you want me to give you a lift home?

Lan: ____

A. A lift? No, I'm afraid of height. B. Thank you. It's very kind of you!

C. I live in a flat on the eighth floor. D. My house doesn't have a lift.

98. Nam: If you like, I can check the deadline for our assignment.

Lan: ____

A. I don't really like this assignment. B. Assignments are just a waste of time.

C. Thanks, but that won't be necessary. D. I am scared of deadlines.

99. Nam: Would you mind if sometimes I called at around 10 pm to discuss our assignment?

Lan: ____

A. No, of course not. B. Yes, of course I would. C. I mind a lot. D. I like discussions.

100. Nam: Could you find all the information related to Komodo dragons?

Lan: ____

A. Komodo dragons are also vulnerable. B. Are they still living?

C. I've never heard of them. What do they look like? D. I think that'll be very difficult.

101. Lan: Do you enjoy visiting zoos?

Nam: ____

A. Zoos are places where animals are kept. B. I've visited that zoo twice.

C. Yeah, that's really fun. D. I like funny animals.

102. Lan: Have you ever visited a botanical garden or a nature park?

Nam: ____

A. There is a botanical garden in the area.

B. Yes, only once when I was 12.

C. There are a lot of trees and flowers in the botanical garden.

D. Nature parks are expensive to maintain.

103. Lan: Are you concerned about animals becoming extinct?

Nam: ____

A. I'm really worried. Our biodiversity will be broken. B. When will they become extinct?

C. Which animals are endangered? D. I love keeping animals as pets.

104. Nam: What animals in our country are endangered?

Lan: ____

A. Are they endangered animals? B. Endangered animals are dangerous.

C. Endangered animals should be protected. D. Tigers and elephants are nearly extinct.

105. Lan: How can we protect endangered species?

Nam: ____

A. It is out of the question.

B. Both the governments and individuals need to help them.

C. Poachers don't care about endangered animals.

D. All endangered animals are extinct.

Part V. READING

Exercise 8. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word that best fits each of the numbered blanks.

Alligators have always been the most dangerous predators of the Florida Everglades, (106) ____ their long-held position is now being challenged by a (107) ____ population of Burmese pythons.

The Burmese python, a giant snake measuring up to 20 feet (108) ____ and weighing up to 200 pounds, is very (109) ____ among exotic pet owners. However, as the (110) ____ snakes grow, they become more difficult to cage and handle. To avoid dealing with the snakes, the owners irresponsibly release them into the wild. Since the Everglades is (111) ____ similar to the python's native environment of Southeast Asia, they survive and (112) ____ without difficulty.

The issue with the Burmese pythons is their (113) ____ of meals. They eat alligators and endangered birds, which (114) ____ strain on an already fragile ecosystem. Recently a 13-foot long Burmese python was found with a 5-foot alligator bursting from its stomach. The python died (115) ____ to eat the alligator but a larger one would have easily won the struggle. With over 30,000 Burmese pythons now living (116) ____ the Everglades, a solution to stop this invasive species is necessary. If the pythons are left unchecked, there is a strong possibility they will wipe out a variety of species (117) ____ for the functioning of the Everglades ecosystem.

106. A. but B. so C. because D. since

107. A. grow B. growing C. growth D. grown

108. A. length B. lengthen C. long D. longer

109. A. popular B. famous C. typical D. scarce

110. A. dead B. died C. death D. deadly

111. A. quiet B. quite C. quit D. quietly

112. A. prospect B. protect C. prosper D. protest

113. A. choice B. choose C. chose D. chosen

114. A. makes B. gives C. gets D. creates

115. A. try B. trying C. tried D. trial

116. A. over B. under C. in D. on

117. A. necessary B. necessity C. need D. needed

Exercise 9. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

The Sahara Desert is the world's largest hot desert. The Sahara is in North Africa and is as large as the United States. Many people think that an area like this has no animals or plant life, but they are incorrect. In fact, the Sahara Desert has many different 'ecoregions’. Each ecoregion has different plants and animals living there. The biggest ecoregion is called the 'Sahara Desert ecoregion.' In this area, the climate is extremely dry and extremely hot. The landscape is sandy and dusty with many high dunes. Because the Sahara Desert ecoregion is so hot and dry, there are very few plants and animals. Scientists estimate that there are only 500 species of plants. This is not very much when thinking of how enormous the region is. These plants include acacia trees, palms, spiny shrubs, and grasses. The Sahara is also home to 70 species of mammals. Twenty of these are large mammals. There are about 90 species of birds and around 100 reptiles.

The biggest threat to plants and animals in this environment is drying up. Because of this, plants have the ability to recover their health after their leaves have dried out completely. Animals can lose 30-60% of their div mass and still survive. Most animals do not get their water from drinking like other ecosystems. Instead, they have adapted to get their water through outputbolic processes. This is why they can survive in a place like the Sahara Desert ecosystem.

118. What is the text mostly about?

A. Location of the Sahara Desert. B. Hot weather of the Sahara Desert.

C. How animals survive on this Desert. D. The Sahara Desert and its ecosystem.

119. Which of the following is TRUE?

A. The Sahara Desert has no animals or plants. B. It is the second largest desert.

C. It is in North Africa. D. It is in the United States.

120. In paragraph 1, the word they refers to ____.

A. people B. plants C. animals D. ecoregions

121. In paragraph 2, the word estimate is closest in meaning to ____.

A. confirm B. calculate C. formulate D. participate

122. All of the following are true about the Sahara Desert EXCEPT ____.

A. there are about five hundred types of plants B. seventy species of mammals can be found there

C. it is home to about ninety species of birds D. Fewer than 100 reptiles are found there

123. Why can animals and plants survive in the Sahara Desert?

A. They try to reduce the water intake. B. They get water from the irrigation system.

C. They get water through outputbolic process. D. They don't really need water for a long time.

Exercise 10. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Amphibians are an animal group that includes frogs, toads, salamanders, and newts. These animals live in and out of the water. The number of amphibians on our planet is declining rapidly in both local mass extinctions and population crashes. This is a cause for concern as many scientists believe that humans are responsible.

Since the 1980s, scientists have noticed a decline in amphibian populations. Although many animals are affected by humans, amphibians have been hit particularly hard. Some scientists believe this is because of their two-stage life cycle. Unlike most animals, amphibians live their lives in two distinct stages. The first is aquatic and the second is terrestrial. This means amphibians are sensitive to environmental changes in the water and on land. They also have permeable skin, which means that toxins and chemicals can easily get into their bodies.

At first, some scientists did not believe that human pollution was the cause for changes in amphibian populations. These scientists believed that every species on Earth goes through natural cycles and changes and that there was not enough long-term data to prove that humans were the problem. In recent years, this has changed. Almost all biologists are concerned about the decline in amphibian populations. They are worried not only because many amphibians may go extinct, but also because these extinctions

will affect other plants and animals in ecosystems. They believe that the decline in amphibian populations is a warning to humans to stop polluting and clean up Earth.

124. Which summary best summarizes the main idea of the passage?

A. Endangered reptiles B. Endangered amphibians

C. Amphibian life cycle D. Amphibians and reptiles

125. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?

A. The number of amphibians is decreasing rapidly.

B. The number of amphibians is increasing.

C. The number of amphibians is going up.

D. The number of amphibians staying constant.

126. In paragraph 2, the word noticed is closest in meaning to ____.

A. studied B. analysed C. become aware of D. started to work on

127. In paragraph 2, the word they refers to ____.

A. scientists B. humans C. animals D. amphibians

128. According the passage, which of the following is TRUE about amphibians?

A. First they live on land, then in the water. B. First they live in the water, then on land.

C. They mainly live in water. D. They mainly live on land.

129. In paragraph 2, the word toxins is closest in meaning to ____.

A. poisonous substances B. tonic substances C. essential minerals D. essential vitamins

130. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

A. Amphibians contribute greatly to biodiversity.

B. All amphibians will go extinct in the near future.

C. A clean environment may help to protect amphibians from extinction.

D. Protecting amphibians is the responsibility of all people on Earth.

Part VI. WRITING

Exercise 11. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.

131. Five islands of Indonesia are home to Komodo dragons.

A. Homes are built for Komodo dragons on five islands of Indonesia.

B. Komodo dragons are the only living creatures on Indonesia's islands.

C. Komodo dragons live on five islands of Indonesia.

D. Komodo dragons prefer to live in hot countries like Indonesia.

132. Unless humans stop poaching, many rare animals will go extinct.

A. When humans stop poaching, many rare animals will become extinct.

B. If people don't stop poaching, a lot of rare animals will become extinct.

C. As soon as people stop poaching, a lot of rare animals will become extinct.

D. Provided that people stop poaching, many animals will become extinct.

133. People are not allowed to approach animals in safari parks.

A. People are prohibited from approaching animals in safari parks.

B. People are advised not to approach animals in safari parks.

C. Safari parks don't prohibit people from approaching animals.

D. Safari parks allow people to approach animals.

134. The more polluted the environment, the less safe it becomes for the animals.

A. If the environment is more polluted, it becomes better for the animals.

B. Animals find the more polluted environment safer.

C. Animals become less safe with a more polluted environment.

D. Animals become safer with a more polluted environment.

135. The saola and the rhino are considered endangered species in Viet Nam.

A. The saola and the rhino are dangerous animals in Viet Nam.

B. Both the saola and the rhino are considerate animals.

C. Viet Nam becomes more dangerous due to the saola and the rhino.

D. The saola and the rhino are thought to be endangered species in Viet Nam.

136. The giant panda's natural habitat is shrinking.

A. The habitat for the giant panda is getting bigger.

B. The habitat for the giant panda is getting smaller.

C. The habitat for the giant panda is staying the same.

D. The habitat for the giant panda is increasing.

137. Baby sea turtles are the most vulnerable when they leave their nests and make their way to the sea.

A. Baby sea turtles are the most unsafe when they leave their nests and make their way to the sea.

B. Baby sea turtles are the safest when they leave their nests and make their way to the sea.

C. Baby sea turtles are the happiest when they leave their nests and make their way to the sea.

D. Baby sea turtles really enjoy when they leave their nests and make their way to the sea.

138. He started donating to rhino conservation organizations five years ago, and now he still continues to donate.

A. He donated to rhino conservation organizations for five years.

B. He has been donating to rhino conservation organizations for five years.

C. He will have donated to rhino conservations for five years by the end of next year.

D. He used to donate to rhino conservation organizations, but he stopped last year.

139. Animals become extinct due to both habitat destruction and poaching.

A. In addition to habitat destruction, animals become extinct due to poaching.

B. Animals become extinct mainly because of habitat destruction.

C. Animals become extinct mainly because of poaching

D. Neither habitat destruction nor poaching causes animals to go

Exercise 12. Mark the letter A, B, C. or D to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions.

140. People cut down trees for agricultural land. Wild animals have less natural habitat.

A. People cut down trees for agricultural land because wild animals have less natural habitat.

B. People cut down trees for agricultural land, for wild animals have less natural habitat.

C. Wild animals have less natural habitat, so people cut down trees for agricultural land.

D. Wild animals have less natural habitat because people cut down trees for agricultural land.

141. The government launches anti-poaching campaigns. Lives of many rare animals are saved.

A. Unless the government launches anti-poaching campaigns, lives of many rare animals are saved.

B. If the government launches anti-poaching campaigns, lives of many rare animals are saved.

C. If lives of many rare animals are saved, the government launches anti-poaching campaigns.

D. Unless lives of many rare animals are saved, the government launches anti-poaching campaigns.

142. People use pesticides and fertilizers. They want to increase crop production.

A. People want to increase crop production, so they use pesticides and fertilizers.

B. Unless people want to increase crop production, they use pesticides and fertilizers.

C. People want to increase crop production because they use pesticides and fertilizers.

D. People want to increase crop production, for they use pesticides and fertilizers.

143. Many elephants are poached. Their tusks are used to make valuable ivory objects.

A. As many elephants are poached, their tusks are used to make valuable ivory objects.

B. Unless many elephants are poached, their tusks are used to make valuable ivory objects.

C. Many elephants are poached because their tusks are used to make valuable ivory objects.

D. Many elephants are poached, so their tusks are used to make valuable ivory objects.

144. A Komodo is called a dragon. It looks like a big lizard.

A. A Komodo is called a dragon because it looks like a big lizard.

B. A Komodo is called a dragon, so it looks like a big lizard.

C. A Komodo is called a dragon, for it looks like a big lizard.

D. Although a Komodo is called a dragon, it looks like a big lizard.

145. Komodo dragons are not endangered. They are considered vulnerable.

A. Komodo dragons are considered vulnerable because they are not endangered.

B. Although Komodo dragons are not endangered, they are considered vulnerable.

C. Komodo dragons are not endangered, and they are considered vulnerable.

D. Not only Komodo dragons are not endangered, they are considered vulnerable.

_________THE END___________