Ngữ pháp Tiếng Anh 11 Unit 10

II.NGỮ PHÁP
*Phần chính:
Nếu trong mệnh đề quan hệ có giới từ thì giới từ có thể đặt trước hoặc sau mệnh đề quan hệ (chỉ áp dụng với whom và which.)
Ex:
1/
She is the woman. I told you about her
=> She is the woman about whom I told you
=> She is the woman whom I told you about
2/
The song was interesting. We listened to it last night.
=> The song to which we listened last night was interesting
=> The song which we listened to last night was interesting
Chú ý
- Khi giới từ đứng cuối mệnh đề quan hệ thì ta có thể bỏ đại từ quan hệ và có thể dùng that thay cho whom và which trong mệnh đề quan hệ xác định
- Khi giới từ đứng trước đại từ quan hệ thì ta không thể bỏ đại từ quan hệ và không thể dùng that thay cho whom và which
(Hay nói cách khác, sau giới từ ta không được dùng "that")
Ex:
The song to that we listened last night was interesting
- Khi giới từ đứng cuối mệnh đề quan hệ là thành phần của cụm động từ (phrasal verbs) thì ta không đem giới từ ra trước whom, which.
Ex: This is the book which I'm looking for.
That is the child whom you have to look after.
- Khi dùng whom, which các giới từ cũng có thể đứng sau động từ (ngoại trừ without).
Ex: The man whom Mary is talking to is Mr Pike.
That is the man without whom we'll get lost.
(NOT … the man whom we'll get lost without.)
BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG
1. Her many friends gave her encouragement. I like to be considered among them.
Her many friends____________________________________________________
2. Her father died last year. She looked after him for over twenty years.
Her father___________________________________________________________
3. The bed has no mattress. I sleep on this bed.
The bed ___________________________________________________________
4. There wasn't any directory in the telephone box. I was phoning from this box.
There wasn't _________________________________________________________
5. I was sitting on a chair. It suddenly collapsed.
The chair ____________________________________________________________
6. Mr Smith said he was too busy to speak to me. I had come specially to see him.
Mr Smith____________________________________________________________
7. I saw several houses. Most of them were quite unsuitable.
I ___________________________________________________________________
8. Graham took us to his office. It was filled with books.
The office ____________________________________________________________
9. Mr Marks is unhappy about the plans for the new dam. The stream flows across his farm.
Mr Marks________________________________________________________________
10. They picked up five boat-loads of refugees. Some of them had been at sea for several months.
They _________________________________________________________________
11. Tom came to the party in patched jeans. This surprised the other guests. Most of the other guests were wearing evening dress.
Tom ___________________________________________________________________
12. The people didn't know French. He was speaking to these people.
The people ______________________________________________________________
13. Mr Jones was very generous about overtime payments. I was working for him.
Mr Jones______________________________________________________________
14. The Roman coins are now on display in the National Museum. A local farmer came across them in a field.
The Roman coins___________________________________________________________
15. Professor Johnson is to visit the University next week. I have long looked up to him
Professor Johnson__________________________________________________________