GCSE MOCK TESTS 170

GD&ĐT VINH PHUCƠTR NG THPT LI NƯƠ ÊS NƠ(Đ thi m: 05 trang)ề KTCL ÔN THI THPT QU GIA NĂM 2017-2018Ề ỐMôn: TI NG ANH 170Ề ỐTh gian làm bài: 60 phút, không th gian phátờ ờđềH va tên thi sinh:o ……………………………………………………………………. SBD: …………………………Mark the letter A, B, C, or on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined partdiffers from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions. Question 1: A. ch mber B. ncient C. nger D. ncestorQuestion 2: A. smoo th ly B. sou th ern C. brea th D. airwor th yMark the letter A, B, C, or on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from theother three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions.Question 3: A. operation B. supervision C. reinforce D. committeeQuestion 4: A. overlook B. influential C. furniture D. oceanicMark the letter A, B, or on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needscorrection in each of the following questions.Question 5: The skin receives nearly the third of the blood pumped out by the heart.A. nearly B. the C. pumped out D. by Question 6: Salt was once too scare and precious that it was used as money A. once B. too C. and D. as moneyQuestion 7: There being no evidence against himself Slade was released A. There being B. no evidence C. himself D. was releasedMark the letter A, B, or on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of thefollowing questions.Question 8: Are there any household chores for________ men are better________ than women?A. whose/suited B. which/suit C. that/suit D. which/suitedQuestion 9: Too many factories dispose________ their waste by pumping it into rivers and the sea.A. out B. of C. away D. offQuestion 10: Why did Berth ask you________ bicycle?A. that if you had B. do you have C. that you had D. if you hadQuestion 11: She wondered if they________ her jeweler and rather hoped that they had.A. find B. have found C. had found D. would findQuestion 12: cannot bear the noise of my brother’s radio; it________ me from my work.A. distracts B. perturbs C. interrupts D. disturbsQuestion 13: -“Is swimming under water very difficult?” -“No, it’s just matter________ able to control your breathing.”A. to be B. of being C. that you are D. beingQuestion 14: am going to the dentist’s tomorrow. hope don’t need to________.A. have anything done B. have nothing done C. be done anything D. get him do anythingQuestion 15: young girl came on to the stage with bouquet________ to the conductor.A. Presented B. and presented C. for presenting D. to presentQuestion 16: ________ love you, can’t let you do whatever you like.A. Whatever B. Whether C. Despite D. Much asQuestion 17: He________ alone month ago, and________ of since.A. set off/hasn’t been heard B. setted off/hasn’t heardC. set on/hasn’t heard D. setted on/hadn’t been heard Question 18: His________ of the school regulations really can’t be ignored any longer.A. carelessness B. inattention C. unfamiliarity D. disregardQuestion 19: Beaches were________ as police searched for canisters of toxic waste from thedamaged ship.A. sealed off B. cut off C. washed up D. kept outMark the letter A, B, C, or on your answer sheet to indicate the most suitable response tocomplete each of the following exchanges.Question 20: Peter “________________” Tim “What happened?”REDESIGNED BY BÌNH THPT LI TH CH, VINH PHUC –www.violet.vn/quocbinh72Ỗ ẠA. What did you do today? B. had bad day. C. How was your day? D. Have nice day.Question 21: Nancy “Don’t fail to look after yourself, Mary!” Mary “_________________”A. Of course, you’re an adult. B. Oh, knew about that.C. Thanks, me too. D. Thanks, will. Mark the letter A, B, C, or to indicate the phrase that is CLOSEST in meaning to theunderlined ones.Question 22: When you cross the street, be careful and be on the alert for the bus.A. Look for B. watch out for C. search for D. watch forQuestion 23: He was asked to account for his presence at the scene of crimeA. complain B. exchange C. explain D. arrangeMark the letter A, B, C, or on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITEin meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.Question 24: In remote communities, it’s important to replenish stocks before the winter sets in.A. remake B. empty C. refill D. repeatQuestion 25: There has been no discernible improvement in the noise levels since lorries werebanned.A. clear B. obvious C. thin D. insignificantMark the letter A, B, C, or on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest inmeaning to each of the following questions.Question 26: Were it not for the money, this job wouldn’t be worthwhile.A. This job is not rewarding at all. C. Although the salary is poor, the job is worthwhile.B. This job offers poor salary. D. The only thing that makes this job worthwhile is the money.Question 27: At no time did the two sides look likely to reach an agreemen tA. The two sides had no time to reach an agreement. B. The two sides never looked likely to reach an agreement.C. If the two sides had had time, they would have reached an agreement. D. The two sides never look like each other.Question 28: No matter how hard Fred tried to start the car, he didn’t succeed .A. Fred tried very hard to start the car, and succeeded.B. However hard Fred tried, he couldn’t start the car.C. It’s hard for Fred to start the car because he never succeeded. D. Fred tried hard to start the car, and with success.Mark the letter A, B, C, or on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that bestcombines each pair of sentences in the following questions.Question 29: The new restaurant looks good. However, it seems to have few cust omersA. In order to get more business, the new restaurant should improve its appearance.B. The new restaurant would have more customers if it looked better.C. If it had few more customers, the new restaurant would look better. D. In spite of its appearance, the new restaurant does not appear to attract much business.Question 30: No one but the experts was able to realize that the painting was an imitation. Itgreatly resembled the original .A. It was obvious that only person with great talent could fake painting so successfully.B. It was almost impossible for amateurs to realize that the painting was not authentic,though the experts could judge it quite easily.C. The painting looked so much like the authentic one that only the experts could tell it wasn’tgenuine.D. It was hard for ordinary people to judge between the fake painting and the real one.Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or on your answer sheet to indicatethe correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 31 to 35.There has been an outbreak of avian influenza, better known as bird flu in Asia recently.The first (31)_______ died two weeks ago in Vietnam and there have been the cases reported sincein Thailand, and there are some suspected cases in Cambodia as well as. Wild birds are affected by large number of flu viruses, just as the humans and otheranimals are, but they are normally exclusive to birds. If the viruses manage to mutate, they can tojump the species barrier and infect human beings. The first case (32)_______ someone died was inREDESIGNED BY BÌNH THPT LI TH CH, VINH PHUC –www.violet.vn/quocbinh72Ỗ ẠHong Kong in 1997. There are the several different forms of bird flu, ranging from mild to very(33)_______ infections, which spreading rapidly and kill many of the birds they infect. It is spread bywild birds-ducks, in particular which carry the virus, but aren't killed by it. They can spread thevirus to farm birds through (34)_______ contact or by the contaminating water supplies. World Health Organization officials have attributed the spread of bird flu to humancontact with the droppings of infected birds and (35)_______ sanitation. There was no evidence atfirst that the virus spread from person to person, though there has been case of this happeningbeing investigated by scientists.Question 31: A. victim B. casualty C. sufferer D. infectorQuestion 32: A. where B. when C. which D. whyQuestion 33: A. strict B. severe C. serious D. heavyQuestion 34: A. direct B. straight C. immediate D. squareQuestion 35: A. awful B. bad C. terrible D. poorRead the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or on your answer sheet toindicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42. DESERTIFICATIONDesertification is the degradation of once-productive land into unproductive or poorlyproductive land. Since the first great urban-agricultural centers in Mesopotamia nearly 6,000years ago, human activity has had destructive impact on soil quality, leading to gradualdesertification in virtually every area of the world. It is common misconception that desertification is caused by droughts. Although droughtdoes make land more vulnerable, well-managed land can survive droughts and recover, evenin arid regions. Another mistaken belief is that the process occurs only along the edges ofdeserts. In fact, it may take place in any arid or semiarid region, especially where poor landmanagement is practiced. Most vulnerable, however, are the transitional zones betweendeserts and arable land; wherever human activity leads to land abuse in these fragilemarginal areas, soil destruction is inevitable. [1] Agriculture and overgrazing are the two major sources of desertification. [2]Large-scale farming requires extensive irrigation, which ultimately destroys lands bydepleting its nutrients and leaching minerals into the topsoil. [3] Grazing is especiallydestructive to land because, in addition to depleting cover vegetation, herds of grazing mammalsalso trample the fine organic particles of the topsoil, leading to soil compaction and erosion. [4] It takes about 500 years for the earth to build up centimeters of topsoil. However,cattle ranching and agriculture can deplete as much as to centimeters of topsoil every 25 years- 60 to 80 times faster than it can be replaced by nature. Salination is type of land degradation that involves an increase in the salt contentof the soil. This usually occurs as result of improper irrigation practices. The greatestMesopotamian empires- Sumer, Akkad and Babylon- were built on the surplus of theenormously productive soil of the ancient Tigris- Euphrates alluvial plain. After nearly athousand years of intensive cultivation, land quality was in evident decline. In response,around 2800 BC the Sumerians began digging the huge Tigris-Euphrates canal system to irrigatethe exhausted soil. temporary gain in crop yield was achieved in this way, but over-irrigationwas to have serious and unforeseen consequences. From as early as 2400 BC we find Sumeriandocuments referring to salinization as soil problem. It is believed that the fall of the AkkadianEmpire around 2150 BC may have been due to catastrophic failure in land productivity; the soilwas literally turned into salt. Even today, four thousand years later, vast tracks of salinized landbetween the Tigris and Euphrates rivers still resemble rock-hard fields of snow. Soil erosion is another form of desertification. It is self-reinforcing process; once the cycleof degradation begins, conditions are set for continual deterioration. As the vegetative coverbegins to disappear, soil becomes more vulnerable to raindrop impact. Water runs off instead ofsoaking in to provide moisture for plans. This further diminishes plan cover by leaching awaynutrients from the soil. As soil quality declines and run off is increased, floods become morefrequent and more severe. Flooding washes away topsoil, the thin, rich, uppermost layer of theearth’s soil, and leaves finer underlying particles more vulnerable to wind erosion. TopsoilREDESIGNED BY BÌNH THPT LI TH CH, VINH PHUC –www.violet.vn/quocbinh72Ỗ Ạcontains the earth’s greatest concentration of organic matter and microorganisms, and is wheremost of the earth’s land-based biological activity occurs. Without this fragile coat of nutrient-laden material, plan life cannot exist. An extreme case of its erosion is found in the Sahel, atransitional zone between the Sahara Desert and the tropical African rain forests; home tosome 56 million people. Overpopulation and overgrazing have opened the hyper-arid land towind erosion, which is stripping away the protective margin of the Sahel, and causing thedesert to grow at an alarming rate. Between 1950 and 1975, the Sahara Desert spread 100kilometers southward through the Sahel. Question 36: Which of the following statement is true about desertification?A. It has history as long as that of civilization. C. It is fairy recent problem.B. It was just as serious in the past as it is today. D. Ancient societies managed the problem well.Question 37: The word arable in paragraph is closet in meaning to_______.A. cultivate B. dry C. settled D. populatedQuestion 38: According to the passage, many people’s understanding of desertification isincorrect because_______.A. they do not think of it as serious problem B. they see it as being reversibleC. they do not see it as being caused by human activity D. they think of it as very slow processQuestion 39: According to the passage, agriculture furthers desertification through which of the following activities_______.A. The repetitive planting of the same crop B. IrrigationC. The stripping away of native vegetation D. Over fertilizationQuestion 40: The word degradation in paragraph is closet in meaning to_______.A. rejuvenation B. deterioration C. contribution D. consumptionQuestion 41: Paragraph of the passage serves mainly to do which of the following?A. Show the progress of desertification down through history.B. Propose method for dealing with the desertification problem.C. Describe one progress that leads to desertification. D. Describe the main cause of desertification in one particular area. Question 42: The word leaching in paragraph is closet in meaning to_______.A. washing B. depositing C. concentrating D. dispersingRead the following passage on transport, and mark the letter A, B, C, or on your answersheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.(1) Iron production was revolutionized in the early eighteenth century when coke was firstused instead of charcoal for refining iron ore. Previously the poor quality of the iron had restrictedits use in architecture to items such as chains and tie bars for supporting arches, vaults, and walls.With the improvement in refining ore, it was now possible to make cast-iron beams, columns,and girders. During the nineteenth century further advances were made, notably Bessemer’sprocess for converting iron into steel, which made the material more commercially viable.(2) Iron was rapidly adopted for the construction of bridges, because its strengthwas far greater than that of stone or timber, but its use in the architecture of buildings developedmore slowly. By 1800 complete internal iron skeleton for buildings had been developed inindustrial architecture replacing traditional timber beams, but it generally remained concealed.Apart from its low cost, the appeal of iron as building material lay in its strength, its resistance tofire, and its potential to span vast areas. As result, iron became increasingly popular as astructural material for more traditional styles of architecture during the nineteenth century, but itwas invariably concealed.(3) Significantly, the use of exposed iron occurred mainly in the new building typesspawned by the Industrial Revolution: in factories, warehouses, commercial offices, exhibitionhall, and railroad stations, where its practical advantages far outweighed its lack of status.Designers of the railroad stations of the new age explored the potential of iron, coveringhuge areas with spans that surpassed the great vaults of medieval churches and cathedrals.Paxton’s Crystal Palace, designed to house the Great Exhibition of 1851, covered an area of 1.848feet by 408 feet in prefabricated units of glass set in iron frames. The Paris Exhibition of 1889included both the widest span and the greatest height achieved so far with the Halle DesMachines, spanning 362 feet, and the Eiffel Tower 1,000 feet high. However, these achievementsREDESIGNED BY BÌNH THPT LI TH CH, VINH PHUC –www.violet.vn/quocbinh72Ỗ Ạwere mocked by the artistic elite of Paris as expensive and ugly follies. Iron, despite its structuraladvantages, had little aesthetic status. The use of an exposed iron structure in the more traditionalstyles of architecture was slower to develop.Question 43: What does the passage mainly discuss?A. Advances in iron processing in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.B. The effects of the Industrial Revolution on traditional architectural styles.C. Advantages of stone and timber over steel as building material.D. The evolution of the use of iron in architecture during the 1800’s.Question 44: According to the passage, iron was NOT used for beams, columns, and girders priorto the early eighteenth century because_______.A. all available iron was needed for other purposesB. limited mining capability made iron too expensiveC. iron was considered too valuable for use in public buildingsD. the use of charcoal for refining ore produced poor quality ironQuestion 45: Iron replaced stone and timber in the building of bridges because iron wasconsidered_______.A. more beautiful B. new and modern C. much stronger D. easier to transportQuestion 46: The word it in paragraph refers to_______.A. industrial architecture B. internal iron skeleton C. stone D. strengthQuestion 47: The word surpassed is closest in meaning to_______.A. imitated B. exceeded C. approached D. includedQuestion 48: According to paragraph 3, the architectural significance of the Halle Des Machineswas its _____.A. wide span B. great height C. unequaled beauty D. prefabricated unites of glass Question 49: How did the artistic elite mentioned in the passage react to the buildings at theParis Exhibition?A. They tried to copy them. B. They ridiculed them.C. They praised them. D. They refused to pay to see them.Question 50: It can be inferred that the delayed use of exposed iron structures intraditional styles of architecture is best explained by the_______.A. impracticality of using iron for small, noncommercial buildingsB. association of iron architecture with the problems of the Industrial RevolutionC. general belief that iron offered less resistance to fire and harsh weather than traditionalmaterialsD. general perception that iron structures were not aesthetically pleasing________H T_________ẾS GD&ĐT VINH PHUCƠTR NG THPT LI NƯƠ ÊS NƠ(Đ thi m: 05 trang)ề KTCL ÔN THI THPT QU GIA NĂM 2017-2018Ề ỐMôn: TI NG ANH 170Ề ỐTh gian làm bài: 60 phút, không th gian phátờ ờđềH va tên thi sinh:o ……………………………………………………………………. SBD: …………………………Mark the letter A, B, C, or on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined partdiffers from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions. Question 1: A. ch mber B. ncient C. nger D. ncestorQuestion 2: A. smoo th ly B. sou th ern C. brea th D. airwor th yMark the letter A, B, C, or on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from theother three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions.Question 3: A. operation B. supervision C. reinforce D. committeeQuestion 4: A. overlook B. influential C. furniture D. oceanicMark the letter A, B, or on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needscorrection in each of the following questions.REDESIGNED BY BÌNH THPT LI TH CH, VINH PHUC –www.violet.vn/quocbinh72Ỗ ẠQuestion 5: The skin receives nearly the third of the blood pumped out by the heart.A. nearly B. the C. pumped out D. by Question 6: Salt was once too scare and precious that it was used as money A. once B. too C. and D. as moneyQuestion 7: There being no evidence against himself Slade was released A. There being B. no evidence C. himself D. was releasedMark the letter A, B, or on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of thefollowing questions.Question 8: Are there any household chores for________ men are better________ than women?A. whose/suited B. which/suit C. that/suit D. which/suitedQuestion 9: Too many factories dispose________ their waste by pumping it into rivers and the sea.A. out B. of C. away D. offQuestion 10: Why did Berth ask you________ bicycle?A. that if you had B. do you have C. that you had D. if you hadQuestion 11: She wondered if they________ her jeweler and rather hoped that they had.A. find B. have found C. had found D. would findQuestion 12: cannot bear the noise of my brother’s radio; it________ me from my work.A. distracts B. perturbs C. interrupts D. disturbsQuestion 13: -“Is swimming under water very difficult?” -“No, it’s just matter________ able to control your breathing.”A. to be B. of being C. that you are D. beingQuestion 14: am going to the dentist’s tomorrow. hope don’t need to________.A. have anything done B. have nothing done C. be done anything D. get him do anythingQuestion 15: young girl came on to the stage with bouquet________ to the conductor.A. Presented B. and presented C. for presenting D. to presentQuestion 16: ________ love you, can’t let you do whatever you like.A. Whatever B. Whether C. Despite D. Much asQuestion 17: He________ alone month ago, and________ of since.A. set off/hasn’t been heard B. setted off/hasn’t heardC. set on/hasn’t heard D. setted on/hadn’t been heard Question 18: His________ of the school regulations really can’t be ignored any longer.A. carelessness B. inattention C. unfamiliarity D. disregardQuestion 19: Beaches were________ as police searched for canisters of toxic waste from thedamaged ship.A. sealed off B. cut off C. washed up D. kept outMark the letter A, B, C, or on your answer sheet to indicate the most suitable response tocomplete each of the following exchanges.Question 20: Peter “________________” Tim “What happened?”A. What did you do today? B. had bad day C. How was your day? D. Have nice day.Question 21: Nancy “Don’t fail to look after yourself, Mary!” Mary “_________________”A. Of course, you’re an adult. B. Oh, knew about that.C. Thanks, me too. D. Thanks, will Mark the letter A, B, C, or to indicate the phrase that is CLOSEST in meaning to theunderlined ones.Question 22: When you cross the street, be careful and be on the alert for the bus.A. Look for B. watch out for C. search for D. watch forQuestion 23: He was asked to account for his presence at the scene of crimeA. complain B. exchange C. explain D. arrangeMark the letter A, B, C, or on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITEin meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.Question 24: In remote communities, it’s important to replenish stocks before the winter sets in.A. remake B. empty C. refill D. repeatQuestion 25: There has been no discernible improvement in the noise levels since lorries werebanned.A. clear B. obvious C. thin D. insignificantREDESIGNED BY BÌNH THPT LI TH CH, VINH PHUC –www.violet.vn/quocbinh72Ỗ ẠMark the letter A, B, C, or on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest inmeaning to each of the following questions.Question 26: Were it not for the money, this job wouldn’t be worthwhile.A. This job is not rewarding at all. C. Although the salary is poor, the job is worthwhile.B. This job offers poor salary. D. The only thing that makes this job worthwhile is the money .Question 27: At no time did the two sides look likely to reach an agreemen tA. The two sides had no time to reach an agreement. B. The two sides never looked likely to reach an agreement .C. If the two sides had had time, they would have reached an agreement. D. The two sides never look like each other.Question 28: No matter how hard Fred tried to start the car, he didn’t succeed .A. Fred tried very hard to start the car, and succeeded.B. However hard Fred tried, he couldn’t start the car .C. It’s hard for Fred to start the car because he never succeeded. D. Fred tried hard to start the car, and with success.Mark the letter A, B, C, or on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that bestcombines each pair of sentences in the following questions.Question 29: The new restaurant looks good. However, it seems to have few cust omersA. In order to get more business, the new restaurant should improve its appearance.B. The new restaurant would have more customers if it looked better.C. If it had few more customers, the new restaurant would look better. D. In spite of its appearance, the new restaurant does not appear to attract much busine ss.Question 30: No one but the experts was able to realize that the painting was an imitation. Itgreatly resembled the original .A. It was obvious that only person with great talent could fake painting so successfully.B. It was almost impossible for amateurs to realize that the painting was not authentic,though the experts could judge it quite easily.C. The painting looked so much like the authentic one that only the experts could tell it wasn’tgenuine .D. It was hard for ordinary people to judge between the fake painting and the real one.Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or on your answer sheet to indicatethe correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 31 to 35.There has been an outbreak of avian influenza, better known as bird flu in Asia recently.The first (31)_______ died two weeks ago in Vietnam and there have been the cases reported sincein Thailand, and there are some suspected cases in Cambodia as well as. Wild birds are affected by large number of flu viruses, just as the humans and otheranimals are, but they are normally exclusive to birds. If the viruses manage to mutate, they can tojump the species barrier and infect human beings. The first case (32)_______ someone died was inHong Kong in 1997. There are the several different forms of bird flu, ranging from mild to very(33)_______ infections, which spreading rapidly and kill many of the birds they infect. It is spread bywild birds-ducks, in particular which carry the virus, but aren't killed by it. They can spread thevirus to farm birds through (34)_______ contact or by the contaminating water supplies. World Health Organization officials have attributed the spread of bird flu to humancontact with the droppings of infected birds and (35)_______ sanitation. There was no evidence atfirst that the virus spread from person to person, though there has been case of this happeningbeing investigated by scientists.Question 31: A. victim B. casualty C. sufferer D. infectorQuestion 32: A. where B. when C. which D. whyQuestion 33: A. strict B. severe C. serious D. heavyQuestion 34: A. direct B. straight C. immediate D. squareQuestion 35: A. awful B. bad C. terrible D. poorRead the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or on your answer sheet toindicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42. DESERTIFICATIONREDESIGNED BY BÌNH THPT LI TH CH, VINH PHUC –www.violet.vn/quocbinh72Ỗ ẠDesertification is the degradation of once-productive land into unproductive or poorlyproductive land. Since the first great urban-agricultural centers in Mesopotamia nearly 6,000years ago, human activity has had destructive impact on soil quality, leading to gradualdesertification in virtually every area of the world. It is common misconception that desertification is caused by droughts. Although droughtdoes make land more vulnerable, well-managed land can survive droughts and recover, evenin arid regions. Another mistaken belief is that the process occurs only along the edges ofdeserts. In fact, it may take place in any arid or semiarid region, especially where poor landmanagement is practiced. Most vulnerable, however, are the transitional zones betweendeserts and arable land; wherever human activity leads to land abuse in these fragilemarginal areas, soil destruction is inevitable. [1] Agriculture and overgrazing are the two major sources of desertification. [2]Large-scale farming requires extensive irrigation, which ultimately destroys lands bydepleting its nutrients and leaching minerals into the topsoil. [3] Grazing is especiallydestructive to land because, in addition to depleting cover vegetation, herds of grazing mammalsalso trample the fine organic particles of the topsoil, leading to soil compaction and erosion. [4] It takes about 500 years for the earth to build up centimeters of topsoil. However,cattle ranching and agriculture can deplete as much as to centimeters of topsoil every 25 years- 60 to 80 times faster than it can be replaced by nature. Salination is type of land degradation that involves an increase in the salt contentof the soil. This usually occurs as result of improper irrigation practices. The greatestMesopotamian empires- Sumer, Akkad and Babylon- were built on the surplus of theenormously productive soil of the ancient Tigris- Euphrates alluvial plain. After nearly athousand years of intensive cultivation, land quality was in evident decline. In response,around 2800 BC the Sumerians began digging the huge Tigris-Euphrates canal system to irrigatethe exhausted soil. temporary gain in crop yield was achieved in this way, but over-irrigationwas to have serious and unforeseen consequences. From as early as 2400 BC we find Sumeriandocuments referring to salinization as soil problem. It is believed that the fall of the AkkadianEmpire around 2150 BC may have been due to catastrophic failure in land productivity; the soilwas literally turned into salt. Even today, four thousand years later, vast tracks of salinized landbetween the Tigris and Euphrates rivers still resemble rock-hard fields of snow. Soil erosion is another form of desertification. It is self-reinforcing process; once the cycleof degradation begins, conditions are set for continual deterioration. As the vegetative coverbegins to disappear, soil becomes more vulnerable to raindrop impact. Water runs off instead ofsoaking in to provide moisture for plans. This further diminishes plan cover by leaching awaynutrients from the soil. As soil quality declines and run off is increased, floods become morefrequent and more severe. Flooding washes away topsoil, the thin, rich, uppermost layer of theearth’s soil, and leaves finer underlying particles more vulnerable to wind erosion. Topsoilcontains the earth’s greatest concentration of organic matter and microorganisms, and is wheremost of the earth’s land-based biological activity occurs. Without this fragile coat of nutrient-laden material, plan life cannot exist. An extreme case of its erosion is found in the Sahel, atransitional zone between the Sahara Desert and the tropical African rain forests; home tosome 56 million people. Overpopulation and overgrazing have opened the hyper-arid land towind erosion, which is stripping away the protective margin of the Sahel, and causing thedesert to grow at an alarming rate. Between 1950 and 1975, the Sahara Desert spread 100kilometers southward through the Sahel. Question 36: Which of the following statement is true about desertification?A. It has history as long as that of civilization C. It is fairy recent problem.B. It was just as serious in the past as it is today. D. Ancient societies managed the problem well.Question 37: The word arable in paragraph is closet in meaning to_______.A. cultivate B. dry C. settled D. populatedQuestion 38: According to the passage, many people’s understanding of desertification isincorrect because_______.A. they do not think of it as serious problem B. they see it as being reversibleC. they do not see it as being caused by human activity D. they think of it as very slow processREDESIGNED BY BÌNH THPT LI TH CH, VINH PHUC –www.violet.vn/quocbinh72Ỗ ẠQuestion 39: According to the passage, agriculture furthers desertification through which of the following activities_______.A. The repetitive planting of the same crop B. IrrigationC. The stripping away of native vegetation D. Over fertilizationQuestion 40: The word degradation in paragraph is closet in meaning to_______.A. rejuvenation B. deterioration C. contribution D. consumptionQuestion 41: Paragraph of the passage serves mainly to do which of the following?A. Show the progress of desertification down through history.B. Propose method for dealing with the desertification problem.C. Describe one progress that leads to desertification D. Describe the main cause of desertification in one particular area. Question 42: The word leaching in paragraph is closet in meaning to_______.A. washing B. depositing C. concentrating D. dispersingRead the following passage on transport, and mark the letter A, B, C, or on your answersheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.(1) Iron production was revolutionized in the early eighteenth century when coke was firstused instead of charcoal for refining iron ore. Previously the poor quality of the iron had restrictedits use in architecture to items such as chains and tie bars for supporting arches, vaults, and walls.With the improvement in refining ore, it was now possible to make cast-iron beams, columns,and girders. During the nineteenth century further advances were made, notably Bessemer’sprocess for converting iron into steel, which made the material more commercially viable.(2) Iron was rapidly adopted for the construction of bridges, because its strengthwas far greater than that of stone or timber, but its use in the architecture of buildings developedmore slowly. By 1800 complete internal iron skeleton for buildings had been developed inindustrial architecture replacing traditional timber beams, but it generally remained concealed.Apart from its low cost, the appeal of iron as building material lay in its strength, its resistance tofire, and its potential to span vast areas. As result, iron became increasingly popular as astructural material for more traditional styles of architecture during the nineteenth century, but itwas invariably concealed.(3) Significantly, the use of exposed iron occurred mainly in the new building typesspawned by the Industrial Revolution: in factories, warehouses, commercial offices, exhibitionhall, and railroad stations, where its practical advantages far outweighed its lack of status.Designers of the railroad stations of the new age explored the potential of iron, coveringhuge areas with spans that surpassed the great vaults of medieval churches and cathedrals.Paxton’s Crystal Palace, designed to house the Great Exhibition of 1851, covered an area of 1.848feet by 408 feet in prefabricated units of glass set in iron frames. The Paris Exhibition of 1889included both the widest span and the greatest height achieved so far with the Halle DesMachines, spanning 362 feet, and the Eiffel Tower 1,000 feet high. However, these achievementswere mocked by the artistic elite of Paris as expensive and ugly follies. Iron, despite its structuraladvantages, had little aesthetic status. The use of an exposed iron structure in the more traditionalstyles of architecture was slower to develop.Question 43: What does the passage mainly discuss?A. Advances in iron processing in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.B. The effects of the Industrial Revolution on traditional architectural styles.C. Advantages of stone and timber over steel as building material.D. The evolution of the use of iron in architecture during the 1800’s .Question 44: According to the passage, iron was NOT used for beams, columns, and girders priorto the early eighteenth century because_______.A. all available iron was needed for other purposesB. limited mining capability made iron too expensiveC. iron was considered too valuable for use in public buildingsD. the use of charcoal for refining ore produced poor quality ironQuestion 45: Iron replaced stone and timber in the building of bridges because iron wasconsidered_______.A. more beautiful B. new and modern C. much stronger D. easier to transportREDESIGNED BY BÌNH THPT LI TH CH, VINH PHUC –www.violet.vn/quocbinh72Ỗ ẠQuestion 46: The word it in paragraph refers to_______.A. industrial architecture B. internal iron skeleton C. stone D. strengthQuestion 47: The word surpassed is closest in meaning to_______.A. imitated B. exceeded C. approached D. includedQuestion 48: According to paragraph 3, the architectural significance of the Halle Des Machineswas its _____.A. wide span B. great height C. unequaled beauty D. prefabricated unites of glass Question 49: How did the artistic elite mentioned in the passage react to the buildings at theParis Exhibition?A. They tried to copy them. B. They ridiculed them .C. They praised them. D. They refused to pay to see them.Question 50: It can be inferred that the delayed use of exposed iron structures intraditional styles of architecture is best explained by the_______.A. impracticality of using iron for small, noncommercial buildingsB. association of iron architecture with the problems of the Industrial RevolutionC. general belief that iron offered less resistance to fire and harsh weather than traditionalmaterialsD. general perception that iron structures were not aesthetically pleasing________H T_________ẾREDESIGNED BY BÌNH THPT LI TH CH, VINH PHUC –www.violet.vn/quocbinh72Ỗ