TENSES

(CÁC THÌ)

1. Thì hiện tại đơn (The Present Simple Tense)

a. Cấu trúc (Form)

- Động từ chia ở hiện tại (V₁). Nếu chủ ngữ ở ngôi 3 số ít, ta phải thêm s hoặc es vào sau động từ.

b. Cách dùng (Usage)

- Thì hiện tại đơn diễn tả một chân lý, một sự thật hiển nhiên. Ex: The sun rises in the East.

They live in England.

I am a student.

- Thì hiện tại đơn diễn tả một thói quen, một hành động xảy ra thường xuyên ở hiện tại.

Ex: Mary often goes to school by bicycle.

I get up early every morning. What do you do every night?

- Thì hiện tại đơn còn được dùng để diên tả hành động, sự việc tương lai sẽ xảy ra theo thời gian biểu hoặc chương trình; kế hoạch đã định theo thời gian biểu.

Ex: The train leaves at seven twenty-three tomorrow morning. I’ve got the tour details here. We spend three days in Rome.

Lưu ý:

Ta thêm es sau các động từ tận cùng là: o, s, x, ch, sh.

c. Các phó từ thường được dùng chung với thì hiện tại đơn:

+ often, usually, frequently : thường

+ always, constantly : luôn luôn

+ sometimes, occasionally : thỉnh thoảng

+ seldom, rarely : ít khi, hiếm khi

+ every day / week/ month... : mỗi ngày/ tuần! tháng...

d. Thể phủ định (Negative form)

- Đối với động từ đặc biệt (be, can, may...), ta thêm not ngay sau động từ đó.

Ex: He is a good student.  He is not/ isn’t a good pupil.

My brother can swim.  My brother can not/ can’t swim.

- Đối với động từ thường, ta dùng trợ động từ do (với các chủ ngữ I, you, we, they) hoặc does (với các

chủ ngữ he, she, it) và thêm not sau do/ does.

Ex: She likes coffee. She does not/ doesn’t like coffee.

They want new clothes.  They do not/ don’t want new shoes.

e. Thể nghi vấn (Interrogative form)

- Đối với động từ đặc biệt, ta đưa động từ ra đầu câu. Ex: You are tired now.  Are you tired now?

Peter can drive a car.  Can Peter drive a car?

- Đối với động từ thường, ta thêm do hoặc does vào đầu câu. (Nhớ đưa động từ chính về nguyên mẫu).

Ex: Her father likes tea.  Does her father like tea?

They do their homework every day. Do they do their homework every day?

2. Thì hiên tại tiếp diễn (The Present eontinuous Tense)

a. Cấu trúc (Form)

b. Cách dùng (Usage)

- Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn diễn tả một hành động hay một sự việc đang diễn ra ngay lúc nói. Cách dùng này thường đi kèm với các trạng từ hoặc trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian now, right now, at the moment, at this time, at present.

Ex: The children are playing football now.

What are you doing at the moment?

Be quiet! The baby is sleeping in the next room.

- Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn diễn tả một hành động hoặc sự việc nói chung đang diễn ra nhưng không nhất thiết phải thực sự diễn ra ngay lúc nói. Cách dùng này thường đi kèm với now, at the moment, today, this week, this term, this year,...

Ex: I’m quite busy these days. I’m doing a course at college.

The company I work for isn’t doing so well this year.

- Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn còn được dùng để diễn tả một hành động sắp xảy ra (ở tương lai gần). Cách dùng này thường diễn tả một sự sắp xếp hoặc một kế hoạch đã định.

Ex: He is coming next week.

My parents are planting trees tomorrow.

Lưu ý:

Không dùng thì hiện tại tiếp diễn với các động từ chỉ nhận thức, tri giác như: to be, see, hear, understand, know, like, want, glance, feel, think, smell, love, hate, realize, seem, remember, forget,... Với các động từ này, ta dùng thì Simple Present.

Ex: I am tired now. [NOT ...am-being]

She wants to go for a walk at the moment. [NOt ...is wanting] Do you understand your lesson? ~ Yes, I understand it now.

3. Thì hiện tại hoàn thành (The Present Perfect Tense)

a. Cấu trúc (Form)

* Thể phủ định: S + haven’t/ hasn’t + V3

* Thể nghi vấn: Have/ Has + S + V3?

b. Cách dùng (Usage)

- Thì hiện tại hoàn thành diễn tả một hành động hoặc sự việc vừa mới xảy ra. Ex: I have just seen my sister in the park.

She has finished her homework recently.

- Thì hiện tại hoàn thành diễn tả một hành động được lặp đi lặp lại nhiều lần ở quá khứ và còn có thể được lặp lại ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai.

Ex: Daisy has read that novel several times.

I have seen “Titanic” three times.

- Thì hiện tại hoàn thành diễn tả một hành động bắt đầu ở quá khứ, kéo dài đến hiện tại và có khả năng tiếp tục ở tương lai.

Ex: Mary has lived in this house for ten years.

They have studied English since 1990.

- Thì hiện tại hoàn thành diễn tả hành động hoặc sự việc xảy ra trong quá khứ khi người nói không biết

rõ hoặc không muốn đề cập đến thời gian chính xác.

Ex: I have gone to Hanoi.

He has done his housework.

- Thì hiện tại hoàn thành diễn tả hành động hoặc sự việc đã xảy ra trong quá khứ nhưng kết quả vẫn

còn trong hiện tại.

Ex: He has broken his leg, so he can’t play tennis.

You’ve broken this watch. (It isn’t working now.)

c. Các phó từ thường đi kèm với thì hiện tại hoàn thành:

+ just, recently, lately: gần đây, vừa mới + ever: đã từng

+ never: chưa bao giờ + already: rồi

+ yet: chưa + since: từ khi (thời điểm)

+ for: trong (khoảng thời gian)

+ so far = until now = up to now = up to the present: cho đến bây giờ

Lưu ý:

Các phó từ này chỉ được dùng kèm với thì hiện tại hoàn thành trong các câu đơn. Đối với câu có từ hai mệnh đề trở lên hoặc trong một đoạn văn thì động từ phải được chia theo ngữ cảnh chứ không phụ thuộc vào các phó từ (xem thêm ở phần Sequence of Tenses).

Ex: He has just seen her. But: He said that he had just seen her.

I have already done my exercises. But: When he came, I had already done my exercises.

4. Thì hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn (The Present Perfect Continuous Tense)

a. Cấu trúc (Form)

b. Cách dùng (Usage)

- Thì hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn diễn tả một hành động hoặc sự việc bắt đầu trong quá khứ và kéo dài liên tục đến hiện tại. Cách dùng này thường đi kèm với since + mốc thời gian, for + khoảng thời gian.

Ex: I have been studying French for five years.

They have been living in this city since 1995. How long have you been waiting for her?

- Thì hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn diễn tả một hành động vừa mới kết thúc và có kết quả ở hiện tại.

Ex: You’re out of breath. Have you been running?

Lưu ý:

Không dùng thì này với các động từ chỉ nhận thức, tri giác (xem các động từ đã nêu trong thì hiện tại tiếp diễn). Với các động từ này ta dùng Present Perfect.

5. Thì quá khứ đơn (The Past Simple Tense)

a. Cấu trúc (Form)

- Động từ có qui tắc: V-ed

- Động từ bất qui tắc: cột 2 (V₂)

b. Cách dùng (Usage)

- Thì quá khứ đơn diễn tả hành động đã xảy ra trong quá khứ, chấm dứt rồi và biết rõ thời gian. Ex: Tom went to Paris last summer.

My mother left this city two years ago. He died in 1980.

- Thì quá khứ đơn diễn tả hành động đã xảy ra suốt một khoảng thời gian trong quá khứ, nhưng nay đã

hoàn toàn chấm dứt.

Ex: Mozart wrote more than 600 pieces of music.

She worked as a secretary for five years before her marriage.

c. Các phó từ đi kèm: last week/ month/ year/... (tuần trước/ tháng trước/…), ago (cách đây), yesterday (hôm qua).

d. Thể phủ định (Negative form)

- Đối với động từ đặc biệt, ta thêm not sau động từ.

Ex: He wasn’t absent from class yesterday. I couldn’t open the door last night. 

- Đối với động từ thường, ta đặt trợ động từ didn't trước động từ chính. Ex: He didn’t watch TV last night.

She didn’t go to the cinema with him last Sunday.

e. Thể nghi vấn (Interrogative form)

- Đối với động từ đặc biệt, ta đưa động từ ra đầu câu. Ex: Were they in hospital last month?

Could she answer your questions then?

- Đối với động từ thường, ta đặt trợ động từ Did ở đầu câu. Ex: Did you see my son, Tom?

Lưu ý:

Khi đổi sang phủ định và nghi vấn, nhớ đưa động từ chính về nguyên mẫu.

6. Thì quá khứ tiếp diên (The Past Continuous Tense)

a. Cấu trúc (Form)

b. Cách dùng (Usage)

Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn diễn tả:

- Hành động đã xảy ra và kéo dài một thời gian ở quá khứ.

Ex: Yesterday, Mr Moore was working in the laboratory all the afternoon.

What were you doing from 3 p.m to 6 p.m yesterday?

- Hành động đang xảy ra vào một thời điểm ở quá khứ.

Ex: I was doing my homework at 6 p.m last Sunday.

They were practising English at that time. What were you doing at this time yesterday?

- Hành động đang xảy ra (ở quá khứ) thì có một hành động khác xen vào (hành động nào kéo dài hơn

dùng Past Continuous, hành động nào ngắn hơn dùng Past Simple).

Ex: When I came yesterday, he was sleeping. What was she doing when you saw her?

As we were crossing the street, the policeman shouted at us.

- Hai hành động xảy ra đồng thời ở quá khứ.

Ex: Yesterday, I was cooking while my sister was washing the dishes.

Lưu ý:

Không dùng thì quá khứ tiếp diễn với các động từ chi nhận thức, tri giác. Thay vào đó, ta dùng thì Past Simple.

Ex: When the students heard the bell, they left. [NOT ...were hearing] He felt tired at that time. [NOT ...was feeling]

7. Thì quá khứ hoàn thành/ Tiền quá khứ (The Past Perfect Tense)

a. Cấu trúc (Form)

* Thể phủ định: S + hadn’t + V3

* Thể nghi vấn: Had + S + V3...?

b. Cách dùng (Usage)

Thì quá khứ hoàn thành diễn tả một hành động quá khứ xảy ra trước một thời gian quá khứ hoặc trước một hành động quá khứ khác. (Nếu trong câu có hai hành động quá khứ, hành động nào xảy ra trước ta dùng Past Perfect, hành động nào sau ta dùng Simple Past).

Ex: We had lived in Hue before 1975.

When I got up this morning, my father had already left.

After the children had finished their homework, they went to bed. It was the most difficult question that I had ever known.

8. Thì quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn (The Past Perfect Continuous Tense)

a. Cấu trúc (Form)

b. Cách dùng (Usage)

Thì quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn diễn tả một hành động quá khứ đã xảy ra và kéo dài liên tục cho đến khi hành động quá khứ thứ hai xảy ra (hành động thứ hai dùng Past Simple). Thường thường khoảng thời gian kéo dài được nêu rõ trong câu.

Ex: The men had been playing cards for 3 hours before I came.

They had been living in London for 10 years when I met them. 

9. Thì tương lai đơn (The simple Future Tense)

a. Cấu trúc (Form)

* Thể phủ định: S + will/ shall + not + V(bare-inf.)

* Thể nghi vấn: Will/ Shall + S + V(bare-inf)...?

- will not = won’t shall not = shan’t

b. Cách dùng (Usage)

- Thì tương lai đơn thường diễn tả một hành động sẽ xảy ra ở tương lai. Ex: He will come back next week.

We will/ shall need the money on the 15th.

- Thì tương lai đơn được dùng diễn đạt ý kiến, đưa ra một lời hứa hoặc một quyết định tức thì. Ex: I think Liverpool will win.

I’ll phone you tonight.

“You can have it for $50 ” “OK, I’ll buy it.”

c. Các phó từ đi kèm:

+ someday: một ngày nào đó + tomorrow: ngày mai

+ next week/ month/...: tuần/ tháng/... tới + soon: chẳng bao lâu nữa

10. Tương lai gần (Near Future)

a. Cấu trúc (Form)

(dự định sẽ)

(sắp sửa)

b. Cách dùng (Usage)

Be going to và thì hiện tại tiếp diễn (present continuous) được dùng để diễn tả một hành động sắp sửa xảy ra hoặc một dự định sắp tới (thường thường trong câu không có cụm từ thời gian)

Ex: My father is retiring.

Where are you going to spend your holidays? 

11. Thì tương lai tiếp diễn (The Future Continuous Tense)

a. Cấu trúc (Form)

b. Cách dùng (Usage)

- Thì tương lai tiếp diễn diễn tả một hành động sẽ diễn ra và kéo dài suốt một khoảng thời gian ở tương

lai.

Ex: Andrew can’t go to the party. He’ll be working all day tomorrow.

- Thì tương lai tiếp diễn diễn tả một hành động sẽ đang xảy ra vào một thời điểm ở tương lai. Ex: He will be doing research at this time tomorrow.

When you come today, I’ll be working at my desk. She will be living in this house in May (next year).

12. Thì tương lai hoàn thành (The Future Perfect Tense)

a. Cấu trúc (Form)

b. Cách dùng (Usage)

- Thì tương lai hoàn thành diễn tả một hành động sẽ hoàn tất trước một thời điểm ở tương lai. Cách dùng này thường được dùng với các cụm từ chỉ thời gian bắt đầu bằng by: by + mốc thời gian, by the time, by then, by that time

Ex: I’ll have finished my work by noon.

They’ll have built that house by July next year.

- Thì tương lai hoàn thành diễn tả một hành động sẽ hoàn tất trước một hành động khác trong tương

lai.

Ex: When you come back, I’ll have written this letter.

13. Thì tương lai hoàn thành tiếp diễn (The Future Perfect Continuous Tense)

a. Cấu trúc (Form)

b. Cách dùng (Usage)

Thì tương lai hoàn thành tiếp diễn diễn tả một hành động bắt đầu từ quá khứ và kéo dài liên tục đến một thời điểm nào đó trong tương lai.

Ex: By November, we’ll have been living in this house for 10 years.

By March 15th, I’ll have been working for this company for 6 years.

Giống như thì tương lai hoàn thành, thì tương lai hoàn thành tiếp diễn thường được dùng với các cụm từ trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian bắt đầu bằng by.

GHI NHỚ:

1. Không dùng các thì tiếp diễn (Continuous Tenses) với các động từ chỉ nhận thức, tri giác (see, be, hear...).

2. Không dùng các thì tương lai (Future Tenses) trong các mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian; thì Simple Future được thay bằng Simple Present, thì Future Perfect (hoặc Future Perfect Continuous) được thay bằng thì Present Perfect (hoặc Present Perfect Continuous).

EXERCISES

I. Do Supply the correct verb form: The Simple Present Tense or The Present Continuous Tense.

1. Be quiet! The baby (sleep).

2. We seldom (eat) before 6:30.

3. Look! A man (run) after the train. He (want) to catch it.

4. The sun (set) in the West.

5. It (be) often hot in summer.

6. I (do) an exercise on the present tenses at this moment and I (think) that I (know) how to use it now.

7. My mother sometimes (buy) vegetables at this market.

8. It (be) very cold now.

9. It (rain) much in summer. It (rain) now.

10. Daisy (cook) some food in the kitchen at present. She always (cook) in the morning.

II. Supply the correct verb form: The Present Perfect or The Present Perfect Continuous.

1. How long you (study) English? For 5 years.

2. I (wait) for two hours, but she (not come) yet.

3. They (live) in Ho Chi Minh City since 1975.

4. She (read) all the books written by Dickens. How many books you (read)?

5. He (not, be) here since Christmas, I wonder where he (live) since then.

6. Jack (go) to Paris for a holiday. He never (be) there.

7. You (sleep) so far? I (ring) the bell for the last twenty minutes.

8. He (write) a novel for two years, but he (not finish) it yet.

9. Mary (lose) her hat and she (look) for it until now.

10. I (see) that film several times because I like it.

III. Supply the correct verb form: Present Tenses.

1. Listen! I (think) someone (knock) at the door.

2. Up to the present, we (write) almost every lesson in the book.

3. The earth (circle) the sun once every 365 days.

4. The farmers (work) in the field at the moment.

5. How many times you (see) him since he went to Edinburgh?

6. Rivers usually (flow) to the sea.

7. Look! The boy (cry).

8. Do you know that man, who (smoke) there?

9. Mrs Green always (go) to work by bus.

10. We (be) from France. We (be) there for 20 years.

11. That house (belong) to Mr. Green.

12. Mai (lose) her dictionary.

13. I (be) sorry. I (forget) that girl’s name already.

14. I (wait) for the manager for two hours.

15. You (ever, see) a lion?

IV. Supply the correct verb form. Simple Past or Present Perfect

1. I (see) her before.

2. I (see) her last year.

3. Tom (never be) in Hanoi.

4. I (read) the novel written by Jack London several times before.

5. What you (do) yesterday?

6. You (watch) TV last night?

7. She (be) born in 1980.

8. He (write) a book since last year.

9. Mr Green (teach) English in this school since he (graduate) from the university in 1986.

10. How long you (learn) English?

V. Supply the correct verb form: Simple Past or Past Continuous.

1. When I (arrive) at this house, he still (sleep).

2. The light (go) out while we (have) dinner.

3. Bill (have) breakfast when I (stop) at this house this morning.

4. As we (cross) the street, we (see) an accident.

5. Tom (see) a serious accident while he (stand) at the bus stop.

6. While my father (read) a newspaper, I (learn) my lesson and my sister (do) her homework.

7. The children (play) football when their mother (come) back home.

8. The bell (ring) while Tom (take) a bath.

9. I (be) very tired because I (work) all day yesterday.

10. He (sit) in a cafe when I (see) him.

VI. Give the right forms of the verbs in brackets: Simple Past or Past Perfect

1. They (go) home after they (finish) their work.

2. She said that she (already, see) Dr. Rice.

3. When we came to the stadium, the match (already, begin).

4. They told me they (not, eat) such kind of food before.

5. He (ask) why we (come) so early.

6. After they had gone, I (sit) down and (rest).

7. Before she (watch) TV, she (do) her homework.

8. After taking a bath, he (go) to bed.

9. What (be) he when he (be) young?

10. It was the first time I (ever, see) such a beautiful girl.

VII. Give the right forms of the verbs in brackets: Past Tenses.

1. Yesterday John (go) to the store before he (go) home.

2. Our teacher (tell) us yesterday that he (visit) England in 1970.

3. When John and I got to the theatre, the movie (start) already.

4. Before Alice (go) to sleep, she (call) her family.

5. When the phone (ring), I (have) dinner.

6. Daisy (agree) with other members in the last meeting.

7. What you (do) at 6 p.m yesterday?

8. The little girl asked what (happen) to her ice-cream.

9. He (teach) in this school before he (leave) for England.

10. She (win) the gold medal in 1986.

VIII. Give the right forms of the verbs in brackets: Simple Future or Simple Present

1. We’ll go out when the rain (stop).

2. I (stay) here until he (answer) me.

3. Wait until I (catch) you.

4. She (not come) until you (be) ready.

5. Miss Helen (help) you as soon as she (finish) that letter tomorrow.

6. After the class (be) over, ask the teacher about that sentence.

7. I (come) and (see) you before I leave here.

8. We (go) home as soon as we have finished our work.

9. I (wait) here until you (come) back tomorrow.

10. I (send) you some postcards as soon as I (arrive) in London.

IX. Give the right forms of the verbs in brackets: Simple Present, Simple Future, Present Perfect or Future Perfect.

1. I’ll wait until he (finish) his novel.

2. When you (come) back, he already (buy) a new house.

3. Don’t come until I (finish) lunch.

4. I (hope) it (stop) raining by 5 o’clock this afternoon.

5. The river (not begin) to swell until some rain (fall).

6. By next month I (leave) for India.

7. The film (end) by the time we (get) there.

8. They (build) a house by June next year.

9. We (start) our plan next week.

10. I (give) her your letter when I (see) her tomorrow.

X. Give the right forms of the verb in brackets: Simple Present, Simple Future or Future Continuous.

1. When you (go) into the office, Mr John (sit) at the front desk.

2. Our English teacher (explain) that lesson to us tomorrow.

3. We (wait) for you when you (get) back tomorrow.

4. What you (do) at 7 p.m next Sunday? I (practise) my English lesson then.

5. When I (see) Mr Pike tomorrow, I (remind) him of that.

6. When you (come) today, I (work) at my desk in Room 12.

7. He (work) on the report at this time tomorrow.

8. Please wait here until the manager (return).

9. Don’t leave until you (see) her.

10. The Browns (do) their housework when you (come) next Sunday.

XI. Give the right forms of the verbs m brackets: Future Tenses.

1. I’m sure they (complete) the new road by June.

2. He (wait) for you when you (get) back tomorrow.

3. At this same time tomorrow, we (drive) through Pennsylvania.

4. We (see) you next Monday.

5. In two years from now, the contract (come) to an end.

6. Who (look) after the children when you are away?

7. By November I (work) for this company for 6 years.

8. If you call her at 6, she (practise) the piano then.

9. By March 15, I (be) here for one year.

10. We (move) to our new house at Christmas this year.

11. By the end of December, John (work) as a reporter for ten years.

12. By the time you arrive, I (finish) writing an essay.

13. I (give) him your message when I (see) him.

14. He certainly (not do) all his homework by ten tonight.

15. Don’t call him at 2:30 p.m. He (interview) job applicants at that time.

16. The teacher hopes we (pass) our exams.

17. By this time next week, he (write) his novel for 6 months.

18. They (arrive) on Wednesday.

19. I hope the weather (be) fine tonight.

20. You (finish) your work by 9 tonight?

XII. Supply the correct verb forms.

1. I (see) a car accident while I (wait) for you on this corner yesterday.

2. Mr Jone (be) principal of our school since last year.

3. Mr Smith (teach) at this school since he (graduate) in 1980.

4. My father (not watch) TV every night.

5. I (meet) Arthur three weeks ago.

6. Yesterday the police (report) that they (capture) the thief.

7. My friend (thank) me for what I had done for him.

8. Someone (steal) my handbag on the bus.

9. The Browns (live) in Paris for 7 years when the second World War (break) out.

10. Last month I (be) in the hospital for ten days.

11. Don’t call me in the afternoon. I usually (be) away in the afternoon.

12. Mr Clark (be) in New York 2 months ago. Mr Rossi (be) in New York until 2 months ago.

13. John (drive) that car ever since I (know) him.

14. People (speak) English in most of Canada.

15. The dog (wag) his tail whenever he (see) me.

16. What you (do) when I (ring) you last night?

17. Up to then I never (see) such a fat man.

18. I (not see) him since last Monday.

19. They had sold all the books when we (get) there.

20. I think he (leave) as soon as he (know) the news.

21. She (play) the piano when our guests (arrive) last night.

22. He (come) and (see) you soon.

23. I (come) as soon as I have finished my work. You (be) ready?

24. My mother (come) to stay with us next weekend.

25. Where you (spend) your holidays next summer?

26. Violets (bloom) in spring.

27. We (not live) in England for two years now.

28. I (never forget) what you (just tell) me.

29. They (prepare) the Christmas dinner at the moment.

30. When I last (stay) in Cairo, I (ride) to the Pyramids on a camel that my friend (borrow) the day before.

31. Our teacher (tell) us yesterday that he (visit) England in 1970.

32. George (work) at the university so far.

33. When he lived in Manchester, he (work) in a bank.

34. Birds (build) their nests in summer and (fly) to the South in winter.

35.1 (lose) my key. (can) you help me look for it?

36. My father (not smoke) for 5 years.

37. My teacher wasn’t at home when I (arrive). He (just go) out.

38. How long Bob and Mary (be) married?

39. You (receive) any letter from your parents yet?

40. My brother (join) the army when he (be) young.

41. You (remember) my name or you (forget) it someday?

42. Tom (study) chemistry for three years and then he gave it up.

43. Miss Lee often (write) when she was on holiday.

44. He (leave) home two weeks ago and we (not hear) from him since then.

45. You (speak) to Mrs Baker yesterday?

No, I (not see) her for a long time.

I (not can) remember when I last (see) her.

46. When the teacher came in, the pupils (play) games.

47. Columbus (discover) America more than 400 years ago.

48. By next month, I (finish) my first novel.

49. By May 5, we (live) in this city for ten years.

50. When your father (die)?

I (not know) when he (die).

51. Bill said he (forget) to buy a dictionary.

52. He felt asleep while he (do) his homework.

53. We (not see) them for a long time.

54. It (rain) when we arrived.

55. Kite and I (wait) right here until you get back.

56. He’ll leave as soon as he (hear) the news.

57. Dick (start) school before he (be) seven.

58. How long you (study) in this school?

59. We (not receive) any letter from him since he (leave) four months ago.

60. Where are you? I’m upstairs. I (have) a bath.

61. I (speak) to you about that matter after the meeting tonight.

62. At this time next week, we (live) in USA.

63. Hurry up! The train (come).

64. Be quiet! The teacher (be) angry.

65. Why didn’t you listen while I (speak) to you?

66. Some animals (not eat) during winter.

67. I (finish) the book before my next birthday.

68. John (watch) TV at 8 last evening.

69. Mr Pike (live) here since last October.

70. Someone (cut) down all the trees in the garden.

71. The house (build) two years ago.

72. Listen! The bird (sing).

73. Trees (plant) since it (stop) raining.

74. Tom Baker (not come) here tomorrow.

75. By the end of last March, I (study) English for 5 years.

76. He often (say) O.K when he (talk) with the guests.

77. What you (do) after you (go) home yesterday?

78. How long you (wait) for me? Just a few minutes.

79. He (do) his homework before he went to the cinema.

80. By noon, I (wait) for her for two hours.

81. By the time you come there, she (make) a big cake.

82. Yesterday thieves (break) into the house and (steal) a lot of fur coats while the guests (dance).

83. When I came in, they all (sit) round the fire. Mr Pike (do) a crossword puzzle, Mrs Pike (knit), and the others (read).

84. Mr Jackson (paint) his house since last month.

85. She (ask) me to tell about him several times.

86. The audience (listen) to everything he said last night.

87. At 4 p.m yesterday? Well, I (work) in my office at that time.

88. A: I (play) football since I was 5 years old. B: You (play) since you (come) to England?

A: Oh, yes. I (play) quite a lot. I (join) a club the day after I (arrive).

89. I’m preparing to support anything he (say) tomorrow.

90. Sometimes I (get) up before the sun (rise).

91. He said he (be) mistaken.

92. Don’t speak until someone (ask) you.

93. Mary (come) from London.

94. Please be quiet! I (work).

95. When I (be) a child, I (want) to be a doctor.

96. David (be) born after his father (die).

97. Long ago, my younger brother often (cry).

98. I (not send) the parcel until I hear from you.

99. The last train (leave) the station at 5 p.m.

100. Up to now, the teacher (give) our class five tests.

ĐÁP ÁN

I. 1. is sleeping 2. eat 3. is running - wants

4. sets 5. is 6. am doing - think - know

7. buys 8. is 9. rains - is raining

10. is cooking – cooks

II. 1. have you been studying/ have you studied

2. have been waiting - hasn’t come

3. have been living/ have lived

4. has read - have you read

5. hasn’t been - has been living

6. has gone - has never been

7. Have you been sleeping - have been ringing

8. has been writing - hasn’t finished

9. has lost - has been looking

10. have seen

III. 1. think - is knocking 2. have written/ have been writing 3. circles

4. are working 5. have you seen 6. flow

7. is crying 8. is smoking 9. goes

10. are - have been 11. belongs 12. has lost

13. am - have forgotten 14. have been waiting/ have waited

15. Have you

IV. 1. have seen 2. saw 3. has never been 4. have read 5. did you do

6. did you watch 7. was 8. has written

9. has taught/ has been teaching - graduated

10. have you been learning/ have you learnt/ (learned)

V. 1. arrived - was still sleeping 2. went - were having

3. was having - stopped 4. were crossing - saw

5. saw - was standing 6. was reading - was learning - was doing

7. were playing – came 8. rang - was taking

9. was - was working 10. was sitting – saw

VI. 1. went - had finished 2. had already seen 3. had already begun

4. hadn’t eaten 5. asked - had come 6. sat - rested

7. watched - had done 8. went 9. was - was

10. had ever seen

VII. 1. had gone - went 2. told - visited 3. had already started

4. went - had called 5. rang - was having 6. agreed

7. were you doing 8. had happened 9. had taught - left

10. Won

VIII.1. stops 2. will stay – answers 3. catch

4. won’t come - are 5. will help – finishes 6. is

7. will come - see 8. will go 9. will wait - come

10. will send - arrive

IX. 1. has finished 2. come - has already bought 3. have finished

4. hope – will have stopped 5. will not begin - falls 6. will have left

7. will be working 8. will have built. 9. will start

10. will give - see

X. 1. go - will be sitting 2. will explain

3. will be waiting – get 4. will you be doing - will be practising

5. see - will remind 6. come - will be working

7. will be working 8. returns

9. see 10. will be doing - come

XI. 1. will have completed 2. will be waiting – get 3. will be driving

4. will see 5. will have come 6. will look

7. will have been working 8. will be practicing 9. will have been

10. will move 11. will have been working 12. will have finished

13. will give - see 14. won’t have done 15. will be interviewing

16. will pass 17. will have been writing 18. will arrive

19. will be 20. will you have finished

XII. 1. saw - was waiting 2. has been 3. has taught – graduated

4. doesn’t watch 5. met 6. reported – had captured

7. thanked 8. has stolen 9. had been living - broke

10. was 11. am usually12. was – had been

13. has driven - knew 14. speak 15. wags - sees

16. were you doing - rang 17. had never seen 18. haven’t seen

19. got 20. will leave – knows 21. was playing - arrived

22. will come – see 23. will come – are you 24. will come

25. are you going to spend 26. bloom 27. haven’t lived

28. will never forget - have just told 29. are preparing

30. stayed - rode - had borrowed/ borrowed 31. told - visited

32. has worked/ has been working 33. worked

34. build - fly 35. have lost – can 36. hasn’t smoked

37. arrived - had just gone 38. have bob and mary been 39. have you received

40. joined – was 41. will you remember – will forget

42. had studied 43. wrote 44. left – haven’t heard

45. did you speak - haven’t seen - can’t - saw 46. were playing

47. discovered 48. will have finished 49. will have been living

50. did your father die - don’t know - died 51. had forgot

52. was doing 53. haven’t seen 54. was raining

55. will wait 56. hears 57. started/ had started - was

58. have you been studying/ have studied 59. haven’t received - left

60. am having 61.will speak 62. will be living

63. is coming 64. is 65. was speaking

66. don’t eat 67. will have finished 68. was watching

69. has lived 70. has cut 71. was built

72. is singing 73. have been planted - stopped

74. will not come 75. had been studying 76. says – is talking

77. did you do - had gone 78. have you been waiting/ have you waited

79. had done 80. will have been waiting

81. will have made 82. broke – stole – were dancing

83. were sitting – was doing – was knitting – were reading

84. has painted 85. has asked 86. was listening

87. was working

88. have played – have you played – came – have played – joined – had arrived

89. will say/ is going to say 90. get – rises 91. had been

92. asks 93. comes 94. am working

95. was – wanted 96. was – had died 97. cried

98. will not send 99. left 100. has given

SEQUENCE OF TENSES

(SỰ PHỐI HỢP CÁC THÌ)

Trong câu có hai mệnh đề trở lên, các động từ phải có sự phối hợp về thì.

I. Sự phối hợp của các động từ trong mệnh đề chính (main clause) và mệnh đề phụ (subordinate clause):

MAIN CLAUSE	SUBORDINATE CLAUSE
Simple Present	Simple Present Present Perfect Present Tenses Present Continuous Simple Future/ Near Future Simple Past (nếu có thời gian xác định ở quá khứ)
Simple Past	Simple Past Past Perfect Past Tenses Past Continuous would + V (bare-inf.) was/ were going to + V (bare-inf.) Simple Present (nếu diễn tả một chân lý)
Present Perfect	Simple Present
Past Perfect	Simple Past

Ex: People have said that London has fog.

She says she has finished her homework already. She said she would visit me again. Tom says he will visit me again.

They had done that was necessary. He says he was born in 1980.

My teacher said that the sun rises in the East.

Mary said that she was cooking then.

II. Sự phối hợp của các động từ trong mệnh đề chính và mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian (adverbial clause of time):

MAIN CLAUSE	ADVERBIAL CLAUSE OF TIME
Present Tenses	Present Tenses
Past Tenses	Past Tenses
Future Tenses	Present Tenses

- Present Tenses: Tất cả các thì hiện tại tùy theo ngữ cảnh của câu.

- Past Tenses: Tất cả các thì quá khứ tùy ngữ cảnh của câu.

- Future Tenses: Tất cả các thì tương lai tùy ngữ cảnh của câu. Ex: He never goes home before he has finished his work.

I often read a newspaper while I am waiting for the bus.

We will go as soon as you have finished your work. It was raining hard when I got there.

The train had already left when I arrived at the station. Please wait here until I come back.

* Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian thường được bắt đầu với các liên từ chỉ thời gian:

- when/ as: khi - until/ till: cho đến khi

- just as: ngay khi - whenever: bất cứ khi nào

- while: trong khi - no sooner... than: ngay khi

- before: trước khi - hardly... when: khó... khi

- after: sau khi - as long as: chừng nào, cho đến khi

- as soon as: ngay sau khi - since: từ khi

Lưu ý:

Không được dùng thì tương lai (Future Tenses) trong các mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian (có thể thay

bằng thì hiện tại).

- Trong trường hợp dùng từ nối since lưu ý:

Ex: She has played the piano since she was ten years old.

He has been studying English since he came here.

EXERCISES

I. Supply the correct verb forms.

1. He thinks that it (rain) tonight.

2. She said that she (get) married soon.

3. Bill said that he (lose) his bicycle.

4. He knew that I (come) the following week.

5. She understood that we (promise) to go.

6. I was taught that the sun (be) bigger than the moon.

7. The boy knew that an hour (have) sixty minutes.

8. I didn’t know what time it (be), so I (turn) on the radio.

9. I wondered whether I (lock) the door or not.

10. She says that she (live) in the country when she (be) a child.

11. They hoped that they (end) soon.

12. The teacher said that the shortest distance between two points (be) a straight line.

13. The student who answered the question (be) John.

14. This is the house that Jack (build) three years ago.

15. Mary (have) dinner when her friend called.

16. John (live) in the same house since he left school.

17. Shut all the windows before you (go) out.

18. You may begin when you (be) ready.

19. He is saving his money so that he (take) a long vacation.

20. I see that Henry (write) his composition now.

21. I had done that (be) necessary.

22. They have found that the road (be) very long.

23. I saw that I (make) a mistake.

24. The teacher asked Bill why he (not go) to school the day before.

25. We find that we (take) a wrong way.

26. I want to know how long she (live) here.

27. I didn’t know who (help) him.

28. Do you hear what she (just, say)?

29. Did you hear what she (just, say)?

30. They believed that the police (capture) the thief soon.

31. Did John say he (call) you again?

32. She has thought that the work (be) easy.

33. I wonder what changes the new President (introduce).

34. The students had thought that the English test (be) rather difficult.

35. Mrs Smith complains that her neighbour (make) too much noise.

36. I think John (be) out of town now.

37. Tom promised he (not do) it again.