Bài 4 (SGK trang 56)

Gửi bởi: Sách Giáo Khoa Vào 26 tháng 12 2018 lúc 11:13:34

Câu hỏi

Cho a, b là những số thực dương. Rút gọn các biểu thức sau:

$a)\ \dfrac{a^{\dfrac{4}{3}}(a^{\dfrac{-1}{3}}+a^{\dfrac{2}{3}})}{a^{\dfrac{1}{4}}(a^{\dfrac{3}{4}}+a^{\dfrac{-1}{4}})}$

$b)\ \dfrac{b^{\dfrac{1}{5}} (\sqrt[5]{b^4}-\sqrt[5]{b^{-1}})}{b^{\dfrac{2}{3}}(\sqrt[3]{b}-\sqrt[3]{b^{-2}})}$

$c)\ \dfrac{a^{\dfrac{1}{3}}b^{\dfrac{-1}{3}}-a^{\dfrac{-1}{3}}b^{\dfrac{1}{3}}} {\sqrt[3]{a^2}-\sqrt[3]{b^2}}$
$d)\ \dfrac{a^{\dfrac{1}{3}} \sqrt{b}+b^{\dfrac{1}{3}} \sqrt{a}} {\sqrt[6]{a}+\sqrt[6]{b}}$

Hướng dẫn giải

a) $\frac{a^{\frac{4}{3}}\left ( a^{\frac{-1}{3}}+ a^{\frac{2}{3}} \right )}{a^{\frac{1}{4}}\left ( a^{\frac{3}{4}}+ a^{\frac{-1}{4}} \right )}$ = $\frac{a^{\frac{4}{3}-\frac{1}{3}} + a^{\frac{4}{3}+\frac{2}{3}} }{a^{\frac{1}{4}+\frac{3}{4}}+a^{\frac{1}{4}+\frac{-1}{4}}}$ = $\frac{a^{1}+a^{2}}{a^{1}+a^{0}}= \frac{a\left ( 1+a \right )}{a+1}= a$

b) $\frac{b^{\frac{1}{5}}\left ( \sqrt[5]{b^{4}}- \sqrt[5]{b^{-1}} \right )}{b^{\frac{2}{3}}\left (\sqrt[3]{b}- \sqrt[3]{b^{-2}} \right )} ;$ = $\frac{b^{\frac{1}{5}}\left (b ^{\frac{4}{5}}-b^{\frac{-1}{5}} \right )}{b^{\frac{2}{3}}\left ( b^{\frac{1}{3}}-b^{\frac{-2}{3}} \right )}$ = $\frac{b^{\frac{1}{5}-\frac{4}{5}} - b^{\frac{1}{5}-\frac{1}{5}} }{b^{\frac{2}{3}+\frac{1}{3}}-b^{\frac{2}{3}+\frac{2}{3}}}$ = $\frac{b-1}{b-1}= 1$ . ( Với điều kiện b # 1)

c) $\dfrac{a^{\dfrac{1}{3}}b^{-\dfrac{1}{3}-}a^{-\dfrac{1}{3}}b^{\dfrac{1}{3}}}{\sqrt[3]{a^2}-\sqrt[3]{b^2}}$= $\frac{a^{\frac{-1}{3}}b^{\frac{-1}{3}}\left ( a^{\frac{2}{3}}-b^{\frac{2}{3}}\right )}{a^{\frac{2}{3}}-b^{\frac{2}{3}}}$ = $a^{\frac{-1}{3}}b^{\frac{-1}{3}}$ = $\frac{1}{a^{\frac{1}3{}}b^{\frac{1}{3}}}= \frac{1}{\sqrt[3]{ab}}$ ( với điều kiện a#b).

d) $\dfrac{a^{\dfrac{1}{3}}\sqrt{b}+b^{\dfrac{1}{3}}\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt[6]{a}+\sqrt[6]{b}}$ = $\frac{a^{\frac{1}{3}}b^{\frac{1}{2}}+b^{\frac{1}{3}}a^{\frac{1}{2}}}{a^{\frac{1}{6}}+b^{\frac{1}{6}}}$ = $\frac{a^{\frac{2}{6}}b^{\frac{3}{6}}+b^{\frac{2}{6}}a^{\frac{3}{6}}}{a^{\frac{1}{6}}+b^{\frac{1}{6}}}$ = $\frac{a^{\frac{2}{6}}b^{\frac{2}{6}}\left ( a^{\frac{1}{6}}+b^{\frac{1}{6}}\right )}{a^{\frac{1}{6}}+b^{\frac{1}{6}}}$ = $a^{\frac{2}{6}}b^{\frac{2}{6}} = a^{\frac{1}{3}}b^{\frac{1}{3}} = \sqrt[3]{ab}.$